高级人民法院发布抽象规范性文件问题研究

Research into the Issuance of Abstract Normative Documents by A High Court

高级人民法院以发布抽象规范性文件的方式指导地方审判业务的做法不符合我国《立法法》以及最高人民法院的要求。它的存在有一定现实的客观因素,需要进行系统性考察,不能简单地一废了之,也不能通过备案审查来强化它的合法性。高级人民法院发布抽象规范性文件本质上属于制定抽象性规则的行为,与审判权行使的本质是相悖的,更重要的是,由地方法院进行司法解释不仅不利于全国法制的统一性,而且会加重已存在的司法行政化倾向。从根本上解决这个问题,需要从建立立法与司法的良性互动的法制统一的观念入手,明确高级人民法院作为审判机构的职能,同时增加审级,使高级人民法院能够通过层级审判来监督和实现法制的统一。

The act that a High People's Court issues abstract normative documents to guide adjudicating affairs of local lower courts is not in line with the requirements of the Legislative Law and the Supreme People's Court,but their existence has certain realistic objective factors,so systematic investigation needs to be done,instead of simply abolishing them or strengthening their legality through recording and examination.The issuance of abstract normative documents is in essence an act of formulating abstract rules,which is contrary to the essence of the exercise of judicial power.More importantly,judicial interpretation by the local courts is not conducive to the unity of the national legal system,but aggravates the existing tendency of being administrative.To solve this problem fundamentally,the role of the High People's Court as a judicial organ should be reemphasized from the starting point of establishing the concept of the unity of legal system with positive interaction between legislation and justice,at the same time,the tier of trial should be increased to achieve the unity of the legal system through the supervision of superior courts over the lower courts.