特殊与差别待遇:超越世界贸易组织的改革路径

Beyond the WTO Reform: Rethinking Special and Differential Treatment

在新一轮WTO改革议程中,发展中国家利用特殊与差别待遇条款确认发展中成员地位的自我认定方式的正当性、合法性正面临前所未有的强烈质疑和挑战。在论证发展中国家援引特殊与差别待遇的正当性和合法性的基础上,我国应重点关注如何增强特殊与差别待遇的可执行性,以增强发展中国家的实际制度收益。在新的自由贸易环境下,通过WTO落实原有特殊和差别待遇条款存在缺乏政治意愿的障碍,成员方无法就提升特殊与差别待遇的可执行性达成有意义的共识。提升特殊与差别待遇的可执行性应超越WTO改革路径,更倚重双边和区域自由贸易协定路径,强调发展中国家和发达国家在能力建设方面的差异性,通过多样化的技术援助和能力建设条款拓展特殊与差别待遇的实施空间。

The rationality and legality of special and differential treatment granted to the developing countries are facing unprecedented questioning and challenges in the new round of WTO reform.On basis of proving the rationality and legality of special and differential treatment granted to the developing countries,China should pay focused attention to how to increase the enforceability of special and differential treatment in order to enhance the actual institutional benefits of the developing countries.Under the new free trade environment,there is a barrier of lacking political will in implementing the original special and differential treatment provisions through WTO,so members fail to reach significant agreement on enhancing the enforcement of special and differential treatment.To enhance the enforcement of special and differential treatment in the future,developing countries should go beyond the WTO and rely more on the bilateral/regional FTAs,emphasize the gap between developed countries and developing countries in capacity building,and expand the space for implementing special and differential treatment by means of provisions on diversified technical assistance and capacity building.