脑转移瘤的免疫检查点抑制剂治疗进展

Progress in the treatment of immuno-checkpoint inhibitors for brain metastases

脑转移瘤是成人最常见的颅内肿瘤类型,其中黑色素瘤(40%~50%)、肺癌(40%~50%)的脑转移发生率最高。免疫检查点抑制剂是一类新兴的抗癌药物,如伊匹单抗和纳武单抗,分别调节细胞毒性T淋巴细胞相关蛋白4和程序性死亡受体-1位点。在这篇综述中,笔者概述了肿瘤免疫检查点抑制剂的作用机制及目前脑转移瘤的免疫检查点抑制剂治疗方法,并分别总结黑色素瘤和非小细胞肺癌脑转移在免疫检查点抑制剂方面的治疗进展,分析现有研究的局限和未来面临的挑战。

Brain metastases is the most common type of intracranial tumor in adults,among which melanoma(40%~50%)and lung cancer(40%~50%)have the highest incidence of brain metastasis.Immuno-checkpoint inhibitors are a new class of anticancer drugs,such as Ipilimumab and Nivolumab,which regulate cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 and programmed cell death-1 sites respectively.In this review,we provide an overview of the mechanism of action of tumor immuno-checkpoint inhibitors and current approaches to treat brain metastases with immuno-checkpoint inhibitors,summarize the progress of brain metastasis in melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer in terms of immuno-checkpoint inhibitors,and analyze the limitations of existing studies and future challenges.