国外城市化进程中农业和农村发展的经验借鉴

Foreign experience of agricultural and rural development in the process of urbanization

世界上发达国家在工业化和快速城市化过程中几乎都曾经历过乡村衰退,有些国家很好地调整了工农、城乡关系,走向城乡融合发展,农业发展稳定,农业就业收入与其他行业收入差距不大,而有些国家没能很好协调好工农与城乡关系,仍在不断探索中。通过回顾日本、韩国、英国、美国和阿根廷的农业农村发展历史,重点分析上述国家在城市化发展背景下,农业农村发展中遇到的问题及其解决方法和最后的效果,进而提出对我国农业和农村建设有借鉴作用的建议:应从村镇建设、政府扶持、农业发展、合作社发展和科技创新五方面借鉴国内外不同国家在城市化过程中的农业农村发展经验。

Almost in all the developed countries,the process of industrialization and rapid urbanization isaccompanied with the process of rural recession.While in some countries,the policies for the development ofagriculture and rural areas are quickly followed.So,there are no distinguished difference for income betweenagricultural employment and other industries.And the rural areas are also attractive compared with urban areas.The trend of rural recession is reversed.But in some countries,the policies for the agriculture and other industriesare unbalanced.The development path of agriculture and rural areas are still in exploring.The histories of somecountries'development process of agriculture and rural construction are reviewed in the paper.These countriesinclude Japan,South Korea,the United Kingdom,the USA and Argentina.With the rapid development ofurbanization,what problems they faced in agriculture and rural areas,the implicated policies and the results areanalyzed.At last,five good experiences are induced for the development of agriculture and rural areas in China.Detailed good experiences in village construction,government support,agricultural development,cooperativeeconomic and scientific and technological innovation are recommendated.