艺术人类学视野中的岩画艺术

Research on Rock Painting from the Perspective of Art Anthropology

岩画是远古时代的人类祖先以石刻作为主要工具,在岩石崖壁上所进行的最原始的艺术实践活动。世界各地的相关领域内的学者对岩画一直进行着长期深入的研究,岩画不仅是一种艺术形式,在艺术人类学的眼中,岩画更是社会生活的重要组成部分,它的创作和存在同人类社会生活的方方面面紧密相关,学者的研究应该具有“本土文化”或“本土知识”的视角,因为脱离了社会与族群的岩画研究是刻板甚至是偏颇的。本文试图通过·岩画的相关研究所得,透过艺术人类学的视角和方法来分析和总结岩画在社会生活中的样貌;岩画可能是人类大脑发展进化过程中产生的抽象思维的产物;岩画创作与原始信仰和仪式活动有密切关联;岩画所描绘的内容与创作方式可以反映当时的生活生产情况,是远古社会研究的重要依据;岩画是人类群居定居与迁徙情况的记载和证据,是远古人类划定活动范围的一种方式。

Rock painting is the most primitive artistic practice of ancient human ancestors on rock cliffs with stone carving as the main tool.Scholars in relevant fields around the world have been conducting long-term and in-depth research on rock painting.Rock painting is not only an art form,but also an important part of social life in the eyes of artistic anthropology.Its creation and existence are closely related to all aspects of human social life.Scholars'research should have the perspective of"indigenous culture"or"indigenous knowledge".Because the study of rock paintings which are separated from society and ethnic groups is stereotyped or even biased.This paper attempts to analyze and summarize the appearance of rock paintings in social life through the relevant research of rock paintings,through the perspective and method of artistic anthropology;rock paintings may be the product of abstract thinking generated in the process of human brain development and evolution;rock paintings creation is closely related to original beliefs and ritual activities;the content and creation method of rock paintings can reflect the life of that time.Living production is an important basis for the study of ancient society;rock paintings are records and evidence of human settlement and migration,and a way of delineating the scope of activities of ancient human beings.