杜甫《八哀诗》的叙事范式与文化价值

On the Narrative Paradigm and Cultural Value of Du Fu’s Eight Mourning Poems

杜甫创作于大历年间的一组五言古诗《八哀诗》,以诗歌的形式为王思礼、李光弼、严武、李琎、李邕、苏源明、郑虔、张九龄八位当代名公立传。诗人根据创作需要,综合运用了顺叙法、类叙法、追叙法、虚实结合法等多种叙事手法,用时空交叉的叙事结构来表现“安史之乱”前后唐王朝纷繁复杂的政治形势和由盛转衰的历史命运,指出朝廷失序、贤人失志、君子失时是造成八人悲剧命运的深层原因。《八哀诗》在叙事内容上印证了杜甫诗歌的“诗史”内涵,在表现形式上丰富了诗歌创作的叙事空间,在思维方式上反映出杜甫“用拙存吾道”的独特创作视角,具有不容忽视的文化价值。

Du Fu wrote a group of five-words ancient poems Eight mourning poems in the Dali period,in the form of eight contemporary public Biographies:Wang Sili,Li Guangbi,Yan Wu,Li Jin,Li Yong,Su Yuanming,Zheng Qian and Zhang Jiuling.According to the need of creation,the poet synthetically used many narrative techniques,such as narrative method,analogy narrative method,narrative method and combination of virtual and real,to express the complicated political situation and historical fate of the Tang Dynasty before and after the“Rebellion of An Lushan and Shi Siming”with the narrative structure of time-space intersection,pointing out the disorder of the court,the sage without ambition,and the gentleman of useless land,it is the underlying cause of the tragic fate of the eight people.Eight mourning poems confirms the connotation of“history of poetry”in Du Fu’s poems in narrative content,enriches the narrative space of poetry creation in the form of expression,and reflects the unique creative perspective of Du Fu’s“Use clumsy to save my ambition”in the way of thinking,have cultural values that cannot be ignored.