穿越血脑屏障的纳米载体应用于神经退行性疾病干预治疗的研究进展

Application of nanocarriers traversing blood-brain barrier in treating neurodegenerative diseases

血脑屏障是血-脑、脑脊液-脑、血-脑脊液3种屏障的总称,在维持中枢神经系统内环境稳定中起着至关重要的作用,它是中枢神经系统动态、复杂的生理环境所必需的,却也是脑内药物递送的关键屏障,对疾病的诊断治疗具有重要的意义。中枢神经系统退行性疾病正影响着全世界数百万人的生活并导致越来越严重的公共健康问题,而其治疗难点之一就是药物难以穿透血脑屏障达到有效的药物浓度。近年来,随着科学家对血脑屏障生理结构特点的逐步认识,开发出许多靶向递送药物进入神经中枢系统的新策略,其中,基于纳米材料的药物递释系统已成为增强药物穿透血脑屏障实现神经中枢系统疾病治疗的极具应用前景的工具。本综述围绕穿透血脑屏障的纳米材料递释系统进行详细描述,对其类型、大小以及表面修饰等性状进行介绍,就其在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、亨廷顿病等常见的神经退行性疾病干预治疗中的应用进行重点阐述。

Blood brain barrier refers to three kinds of barriers including blood brain,cerebrospinal fluid brain,and blood cerebrospinal fluid,and it plays an important role in maintaining the environmental stability in central nervous system.It not only provides dynamic and complex physiological environment necessary for the ner vous system,but also is a big obstacle to drug delivery into the brain,being important for disease diagnosis and therapy.Degenerative diseases of central nervous system affect the lives of millions of people worldwide and lead to a growing public health challenge.As a bottleneck problem when treating neurodegenerative diseases by most drugs,it is hard for these drugs to traverse the blood brain barrier and thus accumulate to an effective concentra tion in brain.In recent years,with advancements in understanding the physiological features of the BBB,various CNS targeted drug delivery strategies have been developed,of which nanoparticles based drug delivery systems have become a promising tool to improve drug transport across the BBB to treat CNS disorders.This review briefly introduces the anatomy and functional structure of the blood brain barrier,and carefully describes the characteris tics of some new nano materials including their material type,particle size,and surface modifications,and then in troduces their application in some common neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer′s disease,Parkinson′s disease,Huntington′s disease,etc.