不同植物恢复措施对采石矿废弃地土壤物理性质的改良效果及评价

Improvements and evaluation of soil physical properties with different plant types in an abandoned quarry

为揭示不同植物恢复措施对采石矿废弃地土壤物理性质的改良效果,选取白杨Populus tomentosa,侧柏Platycladus orientalis,油松Pinus tabulaeformis,黄栌Cotinus coggygria和油松+黄栌5种典型植物恢复措施,采用方差分析和主成分分析法对采用措施后的土壤物理性质进行综合评价。结果表明:①通过5种植物恢复措施对采石矿进行修复后的土壤粒径均主要分布在0.25~10.00 mm;②相比较于白杨、油松、黄栌、油松+黄栌4种恢复措施,侧柏恢复措施下土壤容重降低了2.51%~29.83%、土壤孔隙度增大了7.49%~24.16%、土壤持水量升高了3.74%~24.03%;③5种不同植物恢复措施治理后的表层土壤田间持水量比深层提高1.36%~24.30%;④运用主成分分析法对5种不同植物恢复措施下的土壤容重、田间持水率、土壤孔隙度等指标分析得出:矿区土壤物理性质质量从高到低排序为侧柏、油松+黄栌、油松、黄栌、白杨,其中侧柏、油松+黄栌、油松3种植物恢复措施最后综合得分无显著差异,即在采石矿的生态恢复中优先依次推荐。

To reveal improvements from different plant restoration and treatment measures on soil physical properties of quarries,five typical plant types:Populus tomentosa,Platycladus orientalis,Pinus tabuliformis,Cotinus coggygria,and Pinus tabuliformis+Cotinus coggygria were selected and evaluated comprehensively and for soil physical properties using ANOVA and principal component analysis on soil bulk density,field water holding capacity,and soil porosity.Results showed that(1)After ecological restoration of the quarry,soil particle size for the five plant recovery types was mainly distributed in the range of 0.25-10.00 mm.(2)Soil bulk density and porosity presented significent difference,except Pinus tabuliformis,under the ANOVA(P=0.05).Compared to the Platycladus orientalis recovery type,soil bulk density of the other four restoration types decreased 2.51%-29.83%,soil porosity increased 7.49%-24.16%,and water holding capacity increased 3.74%-24.03%.(3)After treatment by the five different plant restoration types,water holding capacity of the 0-20 cm soil layer was 1.36%-24.30%higher than the 20-40 cm layer.(4)The principal component analysis for soil bulk density,field water holding capacity,and soil porosity showed that soil physical properties in the mining area were Platycladus orientalis>Pinus tabuliformis+C.coggygria>Pinus tabuliformis>C.coggygria>Populus tomentosa.The final comprehensive scores of Platycladus orientalis,Pinus tabuliformis+C.coggygria,and Pinus tabuliformis were approximately the same so these three patterns should be recommended preferentially for ecological quarry restoration.