不同营养液配比对营养液膜栽培番茄生长及品质的影响

Mineral element absorption, distribution, and growth of nutrient film technique cultured tomatoes with varying nutrient solution ratios

以营养液膜栽培(nutrient film technique,NFT)番茄京番‘302’Lycopersicon esculentum‘Jingfan302’为试材,设置了不同营养液配比[日本园试1.0单位(ck)、日本园试2.0单位(TA)、日本园试1.0单位添加氯化钙(TB)、日本园试1.5单位调整钾氮比(TC)],共计4个处理,比较分析了不同处理下番茄植株不同部位矿质元素累积量的吸收与分配、品质和产量等指标间的差异。结果表明:TB处理可显著促进番茄植株茎粗的生长;相对于其他处理,TB处理下番茄各部位干物质量、植株不同部位各矿质元素累积量明显提高。各矿质元素累积量在植株体内排序为钾、氮、钙显著高于钠、镁、磷,各元素在不同部位中均以叶身、茎、叶柄大于果柄和根,氮元素主要向果柄分配,磷、钠主要向根和茎分配,钙和镁主要向叶身、茎和根分配。各处理均能提高番茄的品质,相较于其他处理,TB处理的单株产量提高了4%~13%。综上,TB处理不仅可以增加植株部位干物质量,促进矿质元素的累积量,还可以提高营养液膜栽培番茄产量,提升番茄的风味物质。

Jingfan 302 in nutrient film technique,which was seclected as the research object,was set with four different treatments:the Japanese Garden Test(1.0 time),the Japanese Garden Test(2.0 times),the Japanese Garden Test adding CaCl2·2H2O(1.0 time),and the Japanese Garden Test(1.5 times).On this basis,various mineral absorption and proportion of different parts of tomato plant,quantity and yield for different treatments were compared and analyzed to screen out the most suitable nutrient solution formula.Results showed that the Japanese Garden Test adding CaCl2·2H2O(1.0 time)significantly promoted(P<0.05)stem growth of tomato plants,and compared to the other treatments,increased(P<0.05)dry matter quality as well as accumulation of mineral elements in tomato organs.Accumulation of the mineral elements K,N,and Ca in the plants was much higher than(P<0.05)Na,Mg,and P.The content of elements in the leaf,stem,and petiole were more than(P<0.05)the fruit stalk and roots.Nitrogen was mainly distributed to the fruit stalk,P and Na to the roots and stems,and Ca and Mg to the leaves,stems,and roots.The Japanese Garden Test with CaCl2·2H2O(1.0 time)increased(P<0.05)individual yield 4%-13%.Overall,the Japanese Garden Test with CaCl2·2H2O(1.0 time)treatment not only increased dry matter quality of the plant parts and promoted accumulation of mineral elements,but also increased the yield and flavor of tomatoes using nutrient film technique.