知识流动视角下中美专利技术扩散的比较分析——以碳纳米管技术为例

Comparative Analysis of Patent Technology Diffusion in China and America from the Perspective of Knowledge Flow

[目的/意义]探测碳纳米管技术领域中国和美国专利技术知识流动结构和特征,揭示碳纳米管技术领域影响中国和美国专利技术知识流动差异性的主要因素。[方法/过程]基于专利的转让、授权、引用等指标,构建了国家专利技术知识流动模型,并以碳纳米管技术为例,探究中、美两国国内、外专利技术知识流动结构和特征。[结果/结论]研究发现,中国专利技术知识流动呈现“漏斗式”发展,美国专利技术知识流动呈现“水管式”发展,美国具有更高的技术知识流动速率。美国专利技术知识在结构上有较好的前后继承性和延续性,而中国专利技术知识结构出现了片段式、不连续发展。并且,专利自引和知识回流是影响专利技术知识流动的主要因素,中国专利技术知识的流动更易受到外部知识的影响。

[Purpose/Significance]Through detecting the flow structure and characteristics of Chinese and US patented technology knowledge in the field of carbon nanotube technology,the study aims to reveal the main factors affecting the difference of knowledge flow between Chinese and US patent technology in the field of carbon nanotube technology.[Method/Process]Based on the patent transfer,authorization,citation and other indicators,the national patent technology knowledge flow model was constructed,and carbon nanotube technology was taken as an example to explore the flow structure and characteristics of patent technology knowledge between China and the United States.[Result/Conclusion]The study found that the flow of Chinese patent technology knowledge is"funnel-like"development,the flow of US patent technology knowledge is"water pipe"development,and the United States has a higher rate of technical knowledge flow.The US patent technology knowledge has a good inheritance and continuity in structure,and the Chinese patent technology knowledge structure has a fragmented and discontinuous development.Moreover,patent self-referencing and knowledge reflow are the main factors affecting the flow of patent technology knowledge,and the flow of Chinese patent technology knowledge is more susceptible to external knowledge.