重申德性:建构一种现代共和主义德性论

Reaffirming Virtue: Constructing a Modern Republican Virtue Theory

自由主义德性论试图从内部对主流的自由主义中立性学说进行矫正,但其本身缺乏足够的理论资源,又囿于自由主义的既定框架,其调整空间有限;而在当代共和主义复兴中占据主导地位的工具论共和主义则试图从外部借助“无支配自由”对自由主义展开批判,但未能充分发掘古典共和主义的德性传统,结果与自由主义拉不开足够的距离,几乎沦为某种改良版的自由主义。本文借助西方当代政治哲学中相关争论,试图勾勒一种现代共和主义德性论的理论纲要,从国家在塑造政治德性方面的作用、对不同政治主体的特定德性要求,以及培养政治德性的社会机制与心理机制三个方面,主张以温和至善论重建国家与公民的良性互动关系,以新型德性论继承、转化和发展传统的政治德性,以有效的公民教育培养有德性的公民,展现这种现代共和主义德性论的基本面向。

Liberal virtue theory attempts to regulate the mainstream liberal neutrality theory from within,but it lacks sufficient theoretical resources and is confined to the established framework of liberalism,therefore,its adjustment is limited.The instrumental republicanism,which dominates the rejuvenation of contemporary republicanism,tries to criticize liberalism by using“freedom as non-domination”from outside,but it fails to fully exploit the virtue tradition of classical republicanism.As a result,it cannot be separated from liberalism by a sufficient distance,and is almost degraded into a modified version of liberalism.This paper attempts to delineate a theoretical outline of modern republican virtue theory by means of relevant controversies in contemporary Western political philosophy,from three aspects,that is,the role of the state in shaping political virtues,the specific virtue requirements of different political subjects,the social and psychological mechanism for cultivating political virtues,to demonstrate the basic orientation of this modern republican virtue theory.It advocates to reconstruct the benign interaction between the state and the citizens with mild perfection,achieve the inheritance,transformation and development of traditional political virtues with a new type of virtue theory,cultivate the virtue citizens with effective civic education.