汉藏语系诸语言里调类生成的两大模式

The Two Patterns of Tone Formed in Sino-Tibetan Language Family

汉藏语系诸语言的调类生成、演化,至少有甲、乙两种不同的模式。甲式涉及汉语、壮侗语族、苗瑶语族诸语言,乙式涉及藏缅语族诸语言。甲式的声调发生学模式属于“先舒促、后高低”模式,先分出舒调、促调,再分高调、低调。舒调里分出平声、上声、去声,促调变成入声。乙式的声调发生学模式属于“先高低,后舒促”模式,先分出高调、低调,然后高调、低调再各分出舒、促各调。探讨汉藏语系诸语言的调类生成、演化模式,对于汉藏语言有关问题的研究,比如探寻同源词或关系词、相关语言的分类问题等等,都有重要的意义。

There are at least two patterns of tone category formed in Sino-Tibetan language family.The first includes Chinese,Kam-Tai languages,and Miao-Yao languages while the second refers to Tibeto-Burman languages.The first pattern divides tones into relaxing tones and rapid tones at first and then into high tones and low tones.The relaxing tone is divided into level tone,falling-rising tone,falling tone,and the rapid tone is transformed into entering tone.The second pattern divides tones first into high and low tones first and then into relaxing and rapid tones.It is significant to research on the formation and development of tone category of Sino-Tibetan language family,which help research on the issues like the related words and cognate words and other related language classification.