西藏青稞冬春性鉴定及抽穗期多样性与稳定性分析

Growth habit identification and diversity and stability analysis of heading date in Tibetan barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)

为提高青稞种质资源的利用效率并筛选优异杂交亲本,分别在西藏林芝和拉萨两地的春播和秋播环境下对1605份青稞种质资源进行冬春性鉴定和抽穗期多样性分析。设拉萨春播2个播期,即正常春播I和晚10 d春播II,以2个播期的抽穗期变化作为冬春性区别依据。结果表明,96.2%的西藏青稞地方品种为春性,在西藏3个生态区均有分布,冬性品种仅有3.8%,且主要分布在以林芝为主的藏东南生态区;抽穗期的Shannon-Wiener’s多样性分析表明,春播条件下抽穗期多样性高于秋播,拉萨春播条件下抽穗期多样性最高,林芝春播次之,林芝秋播最低;在相同环境下,地方品种的多样性高于育成品种;在环境稳定性分析中,368份春性地方品种和21份育成品种在不同环境中抽穗期较为稳定,其中康青3号在两地所有参试品种中抽穗期稳定性最高。本研究为全面理解西藏青稞资源的冬春性、抽穗期多样性和环境稳定性提供了参考,为广适应性青稞品种培育筛选出环境稳定性佳的亲本材料。

To improve the utilization of Tibetan barley germplasm and select appropriate parents in hybridization breeding,evaluated the growth habit and heading date diversity of 1605 Tibetan barley germplasm under the spring and autumn sowing conditions in Nyingchi and Lhasa,Tibet.The growth habit was determined by the difference in heading date observed in two spring sowing dates in Lhasa,i.e.normal spring sowing I and 10 days later of spring sowing II,showing that 96.2%of the landraces were spring barley distributed in all three ecological regions;3.8%of the landraces were the winter barley accessions originated mainly from the southeastern ecological region of Tibet.Shannon-Wiener’s analysis showed that the heading date diversity was higher under spring-sown environment than under autumn-sown environment.The heading date diversity was highest in Lhasa region with spring sowing,moderate in Nyingchi spring-sown environment,and lowest in Nyingchi autumn-sown environment.In the same environment,landraces had higher diversity than modern varieties.A total of 368 spring-type landraces and 21 varieties were stable in heading date diversity across environments,and the cultivar Kangqing 3 had the highest stability among all tested materials.This study helps to further understand the growth habits,heading dates diversity and environmental stability of barley resources in Tibet, and provides useful information for the development of broad-adapted barley varieties.