单髁与全膝关节置换治疗膝关节单间室骨关节炎的平衡功能评价

Evaluation of balance function of unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasties for treating unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis

背景:单纯的单间室膝关节骨关节炎在临床上既可选择全膝关节置换,也可选择部分膝关节置换。在治疗方案的选择上,受到多种因素影响导致差异很大,几乎没有可靠的循证证据来指导临床手术方案的选择。目的:比较单髁置换与全膝关节置换治疗膝关节单间室骨关节炎的近期疗效,并探究2种治疗方式对患者平衡功能的影响。方法:采用回顾性研究的方式,将膝关节单间室骨关节炎患者根据不同的手术方式分为2组,单髁置换组22例23膝,全膝关节置换组30例30膝。2组患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。比较2组患者的手术时间、住院时间及术后美国特种外科医院膝关节评分、膝关节活动度等指标评价早期疗效,并于术前及术后3个月采用Tecnobody本体感觉测试系统及计时起立行走测试、Berg平衡量表评价患者平衡功能。结果与结论:①与全膝关节置换组相比,单髁置换组的手术时间及住院时间均更短(P<0.001);②术后3个月,2组患者美国特种外科医院评分、膝关节活动度、计时起立行走测试结果、Berg平衡量表评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);单髁置换组患者术后3个月Tecnobody本体感觉综合评分高于全膝关节置换组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.001);③提示单髁置换与全膝关节置换治疗膝关节单间室骨关节炎近期疗效均满意,但单髁置换在手术时间、住院时间及患者平衡功能恢复上优于全膝关节置换。

BACKGROUND: Unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis can be treated clinically with either total or partial knee arthroplasty. In the choice of treatment methods, a variety of factors lead to significant differences. There is little reliable evidence to guide the clinical surgical options. OBJECTIVE: To compare the short-term curative effect of unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasties in the treatment of unicompartmental osteoarthritis and to explore the effects of two treatment methods on the balance function of patients. METHODS: This was a perspective trial. The patients with unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis were divided into unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group(22 cases, 23 knees) and total knee arthroplasty group(30 cases, 30 knees) based on surgical method. All patients signed the informed consents and the study was approved by the hospital ethical committee. The operation time, hospitalization time, Hospital for Special Surgery score, and the range of motion of the knee joint were compared between two groups to evaluate the early effic acy. The patients’ balance function was evaluated using the Tecnobody Proprioception Test System, Timed Up and Go test, and Berg Balance Scale before and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the total knee arthroplasty group, the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group had shorter operation time and hospitalization time(P < 0.001).(2) At 3 months after surgery, there was no significant difference in the Hospital for Special Surgery score, range of motion of the knee joint, Timed Up and Go test or Berg Balance Scale score between two groups(P > 0.05). The Tecnobody Proprioception Test System scores at 3 months after surgery in the unicompartmental knee arthroplasty group were significantly higher than those in the total knee arthroplasty group(P < 0.001).(3) These results indicate that both unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasties have satisfactory short-term results in the treatment of unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis. Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty is superior to total knee arthroplasty in terms of operation time, hospitalization time, and balance function recovery.