轻资产型裂变新创企业生成模式研究——基于扎根理论方法的探索

A Research on the Formation Patterns of Asset-light Spin-off Entrepreneurship: An Exploration Study Based on the Grounded Theory

针对"创业者如何以轻资产方式完成裂变创业"这一研究问题,运用扎根理论研究方法,对基于理论抽样选取的6家轻资产型裂变新创企业进行了系统深入的研究,建构了轻资产型裂变新创企业生成模式的整合理论框架。研究发现,轻资产型裂变新创企业的生成过程主要呈现为知识扩散、活动互补和交互平台3种典型模式。创业者将在母体企业习得的轻资产类知识传递至新创企业形成知识扩散型生成模式;创业者通过与母体企业的重资产优势互动连接形成活动互补型生成模式;创业者借助搭建商业生态平台盘活闲置资源形成交互平台型生成模式。本研究的理论贡献在于拓宽了裂变创业类型研究的现有视角,深化了裂变新创企业生成过程研究的知识体系,发展了裂变新创企业生成路径的理论成果。

Spin-off entrepreneurship is a special new business creation activity divorced from the parent enterprise, which has many typical features such as high performance and survival rate. Startingfrom the asset-light operation and spin-off entrepreneurship theory, in response to the core question "how the entrepreneurs promote and complete the spin-off entrepreneurship activity in an asset-light way", this study uses grounded theory method to extract the integrated theoretical framework about formation patterns of asset-light spin-off entrepreneurship according to the guidance of problem orientated and theoretical sampling, based on the intensive analysis and systematic induction about generation path of six asset-light spin-off new ventures. The study finds that the process of asset-light spin-off new ventures comes down to three main types, such as the following paths, knowledge diffusion pattern, activity complementation pattern and interaction platform pattern. More concretely, spin-off new ventures transfer the important asset-light knowledge and skills acquired in the parent enterprise to the new enterprise, which is based on the organizational imprinting theory and forms the knowledge diffusion pattern. Spin-off new ventures interact with the heavy asset advantages of the parent enterprise through embedded relationship network, which is built on the resource interdependence theory and generates the activity complementation pattern. Spin-off new ventures choose to construct business ecological platform to activate idle advantageous assets, which depends on the platform innovation theory and leads to the interaction platform pattern. The core theoretical contribution of the study is that excavates the internal process of the asset-light spin-off entrepreneurship, and extracts the integrated theoretical framework and formation pattern classification of the asset-light spin-off new ventures. Therefore, this study puts forward spin-off entrepreneurship and asset-light operation from decentralized research to integration analysis, extends the existing theoretical perspectives about spin-off entrepreneurship types and patterns, broadens the knowledge systems and theory framework of spin-off entrepreneurship process studies, and thus promotes the theoretical achievements of the spin-off new ventures.