接触噪声与粉尘对工人血压的影响

Alone or combined exposure to noise and dust on workers’ blood pressure

[目的]了解噪声、粉尘接触对职业人群血压的影响。[方法]采用整群抽样方法,选取广东省某钢琴制造厂765名工人为研究对象。将研究对象分为不接触粉尘和噪声组(对照组,n=237)、噪声接触组(n=167)、粉尘接触组(n=222)和噪声与粉尘联合接触组(n=139),分析4组人群血压情况。[结果]4组人群在年龄、BMI指数和体育锻炼方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。4组人群的收缩压、舒张压水平差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中对照组人群收缩压和舒张压水平均低于其他3组。高血压总患病率为20.3%(155/765),4组人群高血压患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中以对照组最低,同时接触噪声与粉尘组高血压患病率最高。多元线性回归分析结果显示,男性、吸烟、噪声、粉尘及噪声粉尘联合暴露均能增加收缩压和舒张压上升的风险。多因素logistic回归结果显示:相比对照组,噪声(OR=2.646)、粉尘(OR=1.713)及噪声和粉尘联合暴露(OR=2.624)能增加人群罹患高血压的风险(P<0.01)。[结论]噪声、粉尘接触对职业人群的舒张压、收缩压都可产生一定的影响。而同时接触噪声、粉尘危害因素的职业人群罹患高血压的风险可能比单独接触粉尘的人群更高。

[Objective]To understand the effects of alone and/or combined exposure to both noise and dust on workers'blood pressure.[Methods]A total of 765 workers in a piano-made factory in Guangdong Province were studied.According to their exposure to occupational hazards,the workers were divided into reference group(group A,n=237),noise exposure group(group B,n=167),dust exposure group(group C,n=222)and combined noise and dust exposure group(group D,n=139),and the difference of their blood pressure was compared.[Results]The data showed that there were no significant differences of their age,BMI index and physical exercise among 4 groups(P>0.05).However,the difference of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels was significant and the workers in group A had the lowest value(P<0.05).The total prevalence of hypertension was 20.3%(155/765)and the prevalence of hypertension varied statistically among 4 groups(P<0.01).The workers in group A had the lowest and the workers in group D had the highest.Multivariate logistic regression showed that noise exposure(OR=2.646),dust exposure(OR=1.713)and combined noise and dust exposure(OR=2.624)could increase the risk of hypertension(P<0.01).[Conclusion]Noise and dust exposure had certain adverse effects on both diastolic and systolic blood pressure of occupational population.Occupational workers combined exposed to noise and dust hazards may have a higher risk of developing hypertension than workers only exposed to dust.