肿瘤免疫治疗现状及发展前景

The Current State and Prospect of Tumor Immunotherapy

由于先天免疫系统和后天免疫系统在免疫监视和免疫防御中发挥着决定性作用.因此,利用免疫系统治疗癌症是一种非常有前景的方法.免疫治疗是一个快速发展的领域,代表了恶性肿瘤治疗的范式转变,它提供了一种超越外科手术、常规化疗和放疗的新型治疗方法.如今,癌症免疫治疗方法主要包括免疫检查点封锁、嵌合抗原受体(CAR)T细胞过继免疫、治疗性肿瘤疫苗等.研究目标不仅是针对激活肿瘤的免疫系统,还要考虑目前治疗所存在的阻碍.这些治疗方法解决了部分在血液瘤以及实体瘤难以攻克的问题,为接下来的肿瘤治疗打下基础.本综述主要集中论述当前癌症免疫治疗的方法及现状、当前困境及突破,展现了对肿瘤免疫学方面的基本认识并对其进行展望.

As innate immune system and acquired immune system play a decisive role in immune surveillance and defense,using the immune system to treat cancer is a very promising method.Immunotherapy is a rapidly growing field and represents a paradigm shift in the treatment of malignancies as it offers a new therapeutic approach beyond surgery,conventional chemotherapy,and radiation treatment.Nowadays,immunotherapy for cancer mainly includes blockade of immune checkpoints,adoptive immunization of chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)T cells,therapeutic cancer vaccines and so on.The objective of this study is not only to activate the immune system of tumors,but also to consider the obstacles caused by current treatment.These treatments solve some of the problems that are difficult to overcome in hematomas and solid tumors,and lay the foundation for the next treatment of tumors.This review focuses on current methods and current status of tumor immunotherapy,current difficulties and breakthroughs,showing the basic understanding of cancer immunology and its prospects.