中文医学知识图谱CMeKG构建初探

Preliminary Study on the Construction of Chinese Medical Knowledge Graph

医学知识图谱是智慧医疗应用的基石,可以为机器阅读理解医学文本、智能咨询、智能诊断提供知识基础。现有的医学知识图谱从规模化、规范化、体系性、形式化等方面还不足以满足智慧医疗应用的需求。此外,对复杂医学知识的精准描述更是构建医学知识图谱面临的重要挑战。针对上述问题,该文利用自然语言处理与文本挖掘技术,以人机结合的方式研发了中文医学知识图谱第一版CMeKG 1.0(Chinese Medical Knowledge Graph)。CMeKG 1.0的构建参考了ICD-10、ATC、MeSH等权威的国际医学标准术语集以及规模庞大、多源异构的临床路径指南、临床实践、医学百科等资源,覆盖了疾病、药物和诊疗技术,包括100余万个医学概念关系的实例。该文综述了CMeKG 1.0构建过程中的描述体系、关键技术、构建流程以及医学知识描述等相关问题,希望为医学领域知识图谱的构建与应用提供一些参考。

The medical knowledge graph is the cornerstone of intelligent medical applications.The existing medical knowledge graphs are not enough from the perspectives of scale,specification,taxonomy,formalization as well as the precise description of the knowledge to meet the needs of intelligent medical applications.We apply natural language processing and text mining techniques with a semi-automated approach to develop the Chinese Medical Knowledge Graph(CMeKG 1.0).The construction of CMeKG 1.0 refers to the international medical coding systems such as ICD-10,ATC,and MeSH,as well as large-scale,multi-source heterogeneous clinical guidelines,medical standards,diagnostic protocols,and medical encyclopedia resources.CMeKG covers types such as diseases,drugs,and diagnosis/treatment technologies,with more than 1 million medical concept relationships.This paper presents the description system,key technologies,construction process and medical knowledge description of CMeKG 1.0,serving as a reference for the construction and application of knowledge graphs in the medical field.