风险社会视域中的预防与责任主义关系研究

The Relationship between Prevention and Responsibility from the Perspective of “Risk Society”

在风险社会视阈中,刑法的预防作用得到格外的重视,预防与责任主义有密切的关系。责任的基础指的是意志是否自由问题,预防不能成为责任的基础;功能责任论有主观归罪的嫌疑,用功能责任论取代规范责任论是激进的做法;罗克辛的“折中论”是责任主义在风险社会背景下较合理的体现,但是该理论过于抽象,缺乏实质性内容,司法实践中不便操作。所以,以“事后法尊重性”为第二次评价要素的“实质折中论”是刑法应对风险社会最合理的方式。

In the perspective of risk society,the preventive role of criminal law has gained special attention,and prevention has a close relationship with responsibility.The basis of responsibility refers to whether or not the will is free,and yet prevention cannot be the basis of responsibility.While functional responsibility theory has the suspicion of subjective blame,it is a radical practice to replace the normative responsibility theory with functional responsibility theory.Roxin’s“eclecticism”is more reasonable reflection of accountability in the context of risk society,but it seems to be too abstract,lacking in substantive content and difficult to operate in judicial practices.Therefore,adopting the substantial compromise theory with the“respect for ex post facto law”as the second evaluation factor shall be the most reasonable way for the criminal law to deal with in the risk society.