从芝加哥大学精神科专业住院医师培训基地了解美国精神科专业住院医师规范化培训体系

Overview of American psychiatry residency training through the psychiatric training program of the University of Chicago

美国的住院医师规范化培训(住培)被认为是世界上最完善的毕业后医学教育体系,是美国医学毕业生成为独立执业医师的必经之路,其发展已经历了半个世纪的不断改革与完善。美国毕业后医学教育认证委员会(ACGME)提出了住院医师6大核心能力培养要求和里程碑(Milestone)评价体系,这对全美住院医师培训的同质化起着非常重要的作用。美国的住培基地统一受ACGME监管以保证培训质量,因此对住培基地资质的认证、培训科目和考评标准的制定以及住院医师完成培训目标的资质认证都完全按照ACGME的标准和程序执行。精神科专业住院医师培训对住院医师能力及培训基地的要求也同样受ACGME监管,但也有自己的ABPN(美国精神病学和神经病学委员会)评估体系。中国的住培起步较晚,尤其是精神科专业培训体系还处于建立与完善阶段。本文以美国芝加哥大学精神科专业住培项目为参考,对美国精神科专业规范化培训基地的要求、人员配备、培训科目和课程等做简要概述,以期对中国精神科专业住培体系的发展提供借鉴。

American residency training has always been considered as the best of the post medical graduate training system in the world. Its development has been experiencing over a half century. The American Council of Graduate Medical Education(ACGME) has required the American medical residents to equip the knowledge in six major areas that include Medical Knowledge, Professionalism, Patient Care, Communication Skills, Practice Based Learning and Improvement, Systems Based Practice before they graduate, and each area has its own milestone requirements at different stages of training. The training programs are also regulated by the ACGME to guarantee the same training standard is met. The Chinese residency training started late, especially the psychiatry residency training is still in the process of reforming and improvement. This paper introduced the American psychiatry residency training requirements from program establishment, staffing, training subjects to courses design based on the psychiatric residency training program of the University of Chicago, and it will have some impacts on the establishment of the Chinese psychiatric training system.