基于个体复原力的压力管理机制——被调节的中介模型

Stress Management Mechanism Based on Individual Resilience——A Moderated Mediation Model

组织变革的不确定环境下,组织和个人如何应对诸多"负向要素"、化解压力并使之转化为动力是需要关注的一个重要问题。目前压力研究领域大多数学者抑或从静态的工作特征环境要素出发,关注组织环境对个人的单方向、简单作用机制,而忽略了个体变量在这个过程中可能发挥的作用机理;抑或从认知要素、情感要素或者行为要素等单一维度个体变量出发,而没有运用一个多维、动态变量来透视个体与组织情景的复杂交互作用机理。从积极心理学的复原力这一多维动态概念出发,构建一个以组织变革工作环境特征变量(工作需求-控制)、个体复原力和压力为变量的可调节的中介模型,通过实证研究方法探究个体与组织因素的交互作用和影响机制。采用问卷调查方法,以相关量表作为工具对变量进行测量,共收集859份调研问卷,采用分层线性回归方法和分析程序插件Process进行检验。研究结果表明,复原力在工作需求-工作控制与压力之间具有新的、复杂作用机制,有助于从新的视角理解和解释压力管理问题。高需求高控制带来的学习过程可以被视为一个压力引发激励效果的过程,激励不再仅仅是外在条件刺激的产物,在缺乏外在刺激的情况下,内在的激励也可能来自压力所产生的激励效果,而个体的复原力在其中发挥重要的机制作用。围绕复原力问题开展的组织压力研究,对于了解实践中工作需求和工作控制等工作特征变量通过交互作用影响个体压力的产生提供了新的个体认知路径,也为从理论上重新剖析和分解激励模型提供了新思路。

This paper focuses on how individuals and organizations,under the uncertain environment resulting from organizational changes,can deal with growing and inevitable"negative factors"and turn them into motivating and positive forces. So far,in the field of stress management research,some scholars have used static Job demand-control Model to describe the single direction and simple influencing mechanism of the organizational environment on employees,in which the conscious initiative of every individual was ignored;others have resorted to certain single-dimensional individual variables such as cognitive,emotional or behavioral variables to describe job stress faced by employees,in which an interactive,multi-dimensional and dynamic mechanism of organizational situation and individuals is not incorporated.This paper is intended to construct a moderated mediation model with job characteristics,individual resilience and stress as variables. We try to find out the complex interactive influencing mechanism between individuals and the organizational situations.To verify the validity of this model,we have conducted 859 questionnaires and surveys and have used the hierarchical linear regression method and analyzer plug-in Process to have an empirical study.The research has proven the complex influencing mechanism of job control,job demand and stress;and it can help us to understand and explain the stress management from a new perspective of cognition. Research has shown that under the condition of high demand and high control,the learning process can be seen as a process of triggering incentive effect by having proper stress management. So motivation is no longer just the product of external stimulation. In the absence of external stimulation,intrinsic motivation may also come from the incentive effects generated by stress;the concept of the resilience plays an important role in this complex process.In theory,taking resilience as a mediator and a moderating mediator,this paper does an empirical study of job demand-control and stress management. By doing this,our research has analyzed the source and mechanism of stress and put forward a new model of motivation theory integrating stressful forces and motive forces,which may have an important theoretical significance in the field of motivation research and stress management.