警察的生活事件与心理健康:人格的中介作用

Life Events and Mental Health of Police Officers: The Mediating Effect of Personality Traits

警察的心理健康受生活事件和人格因素影响,但三者关系尚不明确,较少有研究系统地检查这三个变量之间的关系。本研究采用生活事件量表、艾森克人格问卷、症状自评量表、抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表测查某市1062名一线警察,探讨其生活事件、人格和心理健康水平之间的关系。结果表明:(1)警察群体心理健康水平较常模更差,负性生活事件多;(2)生活事件和人格因素对其心理健康有显著预测作用;负性生活事件、高神经质和高精神质都能预测更低的心理健康水平,而正性生活事件和外倾性则有保护作用;(3)人格特质在负性生活事件与心理健康间起部分中介作用;负性生活事件既能直接降低心理健康水平,也可通过人格因素(主要是外倾性和神经质)损害心理健康(尤其是提高抑郁情绪)。这些结果提示,干预负性生活事件和筛选人格特征可改善警察的心理健康水平。

Police mental health is affected by life events and personality factors;however, their relation is still unclear and there are few studies that examine the relations among these three variables systematically. In this study, the Life Event Scale(LES), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ), Symptom Check List-90(SCL-90), Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) were used to explore the relations among life events, personality and mental health level in 1,062 policemen. The results show that(1) the mental health level of the police group is worse than that of the norm, with more negative life events;(2) life events and personality have significant predictive effects on the mental health of policemen. Negative life events, high neuroticism and high psychoticism are predictive factors of a lower mental health level. On the contrary, positive life events and extraversion have protective effects;(3) Personality traits have a partial mediating effect between negative life events and mental health. Negative life events can not only reduce the level of mental health directly, but also impair mental health(especially in improving depressive mood) through personality factors(mainly extraversion and neuroticism).These results suggest that intervening in negative life events and screening personality traits can improve the mental health level of the police.