上海市心理健康服务行业管理的现状、问题与对策

The Management of Mental Health Service in Shanghai: the Current Situations, Issues, and Countermeasures

目的:了解上海市心理健康服务行业管理的现状、存在问题与解决对策,为相关政策、规范的制定提供参考。方法:采用问卷调查法,以上海市心理卫生服务行业协会132家会员单位为调查对象,了解上海市心理健康服务机构和人员的概况;采用半结构访谈法,以12名市卫生计生委和行业协会相关行业管理者为对象,了解上海市心理健康服务行业管理过程中存在的问题与问题解决对策。结果 :上海市开展心理健康服务的机构包括精神专科医院23家(17.43%)、综合性医院精神科/心理科3家(2.27%)、基层社区卫生服务机构20家(15.15%)、国有企事业单位内设机构5家(3.79%)、社会团体8家(6.06%)、民营企业和非企业单位73家(55.30%);心理健康服务专、兼职人员共2858人,呈现出以兼职、女性、中青年和高学历为主的特征;存在学历教育不完善,资格认定缺失,行业监管乏力等诸多问题。结论:上海市在心理健康服务行业管理上进行了诸多探索,未来应进一步增加心理健康服务的制度供给与资源供给,完善心理健康服务模式与服务体系,逐步探索政府宏观管理与行业组织自律管理相结合的行业管理模式。

Objective: To understand the current situation, existing problems, and countermeasures of the mental health service management in Shanghai and provide references for the relevant formulation of policies and standard. Methods: The questionnaire method was used to get the general background of the mental health service institutions and personnel in Shanghai, taking the 132 member units of the Shanghai Psychological Service Industry Association as the survey subjects. The semi-structured interview was used to understand the existing problems and potential solutions in the management of the Shanghai mental health service, taking the 12 managers of the Municipal Population and Family Planning Commission and the associations of relevant professions as subjects. Results: The institutions that provide mental health services in Shanghai include 23 psychiatric hospitals(17.43%), 3 general hospitals(2.27%), 20 community health service organizations(15.15%), 5 state-owned enterprises and institutions(3.79%), 8 social organizations(6.06%), 73 private enterprises or private nonenterprises units(55.30%). A total of 2858 full-time and part-time mental health service staff show the characteristics of being part-time, female, young and middle-aged and high educated. There are many problems such as incomplete academic education, lack of qualifications authentication, and insufficient supervision. Conclusion: Shanghai has many explorations in the regulation of the mental health service industry. It is suggested that the institutional supply and resource supply of mental health service should be ulteriorly increased. Moreover, the mental health service model and system should be optimized. Mental health service regulation needs the involvement and cooperation between the government and professional associations.