公平、合作与信任三种亲社会行为的认知神经机制

The Underlying Neural Mechanisms of Three Kinds of Prosocial Behaviors:Fairness, Cooperation and Trust

亲社会行为对维持和发展良好的社会关系具有重要作用。亲社会行为中,目前研究较多的是公平、合作与信任。脑成像研究指出,前额叶、脑岛、杏仁核、腹侧纹状体、颞顶联合区等是公平、合作与信任在内的亲社会行为核心脑区。已有研究表明,虽然支配亲社会行为的脑网络可划分为情绪系统(包括脑岛、杏仁核、尾状核等)、认知控制系统(包括前额叶、背侧前扣带回等)以及社会认知系统(包括内侧前额叶、颞上回、颞顶联合区等),但不同的亲社会行为的神经基础也存在差异,主要体现在与认知控制和“心理理论”资源有关的脑区上。未来的研究应加强对特殊人群的考察,并利用多模态数据探究亲社会行为的核心脑区,检验亲社会认知的理论模型,同时关注亲社会行为中的个体差异,从而帮助我们更深入地理解亲社会行为的认知神经机制。

Prosocial behaviors have played an important role for the maintenance and development of fair social relationship.Among prosocial behaviors,fairness,cooperation and trust have been studied the most.Brain imaging studies have indicated that the prefrontal cortex,insula,amygdala,ventral striatum,and temporoparietal junction are core brain regions of prosocial behaviors including fairness,cooperation,and trust.Studies have shown that although the brain network that governs prosocial behaviors can be divided into emotional system(including insula,amygdala,caudate nucleus,etc.),cognitive control system(including prefrontal lobe,dorsal anterior cingulate gyrus,etc.),and social cognitive system(including medial prefrontal cortex,superior temporal gyrus,temporoparietal junction,etc.),there are differences between the neural basis underlying different prosocial behaviors,which mainly manifested in brain regions related to cognitive control and“theory of mind”.Future research should strengthen the investigation of special populations,and utilize multimodal data to explore the core brain regions of prosocial behavior,and test the theoretical model of prosocial cognition.Meanwhile,we should pay attention to the individual differences in prosocial behavior,thus helping us to deepen the understanding of the cognitive neural mechanism of prosocial behavior.