基于色谱法与质谱法分析唾液酸的衍生方法的研究进展

Advances in derivatization for the analysis of sialic acids by chromatography and/or mass spectrometry

唾液酸是一类拥有9碳核心结构的单糖,广泛存在于脊椎动物体内,以及部分无脊椎动物、真菌和细菌中。唾液酸在生物体内可以以游离形式存在,也经常作为重要的组成部分连接于糖缀合物的末端,这使得其能够参与到多项生理活动中,且与炎症、癌症等疾病密切相关。以色谱法、质谱法为核心的分析方法,是表征生物样品中唾液酸的最主要研究方法。为了提高检测灵敏度或色谱分离度,在分析之前通常需要对唾液酸进行衍生化处理。经过几十年的发展,研究者们逐步建立了多种衍生化方法。该文从单糖、自由唾液酸、N/O-聚糖、糖脂的角度综述了用于色谱与质谱分析唾液酸的衍生方法,并展望了该领域的应用及发展趋势。

Sialic acids are a family of 9-carbon carboxylated monosaccharides.They are widely found in vertebrates,as well as some invertebrates,fungi and bacteria.Sialic acids in the organisms exist in free form or as important components at the terminal positions of glycoconjugates.They are involved in a variety of physiological activities,and are closely related to disease,such as inflammation and cancer.Analytical methods based on chromatography and/or mass spectrometry are the most widely used for characterizing sialic acids from biological samples.In order to improve the detection sensitivity and/or efficiency of chromatographic separation,it is necessary to derivatize the sialic acids prior to analysis.A variety of derivatization methods have been developed in the past few decades.The present review focuses on the derivatization methods for the analysis of sialic acids by chromatography and/or mass spectrometry at the monosaccharide,free sialic acid,N/O-glycan and glycosphingolipid levels.The applications and development trends in this field are also prospected.