环境规制的收入分配效应研究

Research on Income Distribution Effect of Environmental Regulation

面临日益严峻的环境污染问题,中国政府不断加强环境规制执行力度以期实现经济高质量转型,与此同时,环境规制的强化对社会发展也产生了深刻影响,而环境规制的收入分配效应却没有得到足够的关注。为此,本文以"十一五"规划主要污染物减排目标作为政策冲击,利用2002-2007年城镇住户调查数据,实证分析环境规制对地区间工资增长的影响。估计结果显示:(1)在污染行业产值占比较高的城市,环境规制对工资增长的抑制作用更加明显;(2)从技能溢价的角度来看,环境规制显著抑制低技能劳动力工资增长,特别是对于高污染行业低技能劳动力,而对高技能劳动力的作用则恰好相反;(3)从空间尺度来看,环境规制对工资增长的抑制作用在中部、东部和西部依次减弱,并具有空间溢出效应。本文提出完善区域性环境转移支付机制和提高低技能劳动力的人力资本,从而提高政府、劳动者等主体参与环境治理的积极性,实现包容性增长。

Faced with the increasingly severe problems of environmental pollution,China tries to realize the high-quality economic transformation by strengthening the enforcement of environmental regulation.Meanwhile,this tool has a significant impact on social development.However,there is not enough empirical evidence about the income distribution effect of environmental regulation.Taking the emission reduction target as a policy shock in the 11 th Five-year plan,this paper empirically analyzes the impact of environmental regulation on inter-regional wage growth by using the household survey data from 2002 to 2007.The results show that:(1)in cities with a high proportion of output value in polluting industries,the inhibition effect of the negative effect of environmental regulation on wage growth is more obvious;(2)from the aspect of skill premium,environmental regulation significantly inhibits wage growth in low-skilled labor,particularly in high-polluting industries,while the opposite is true for high-skilled labor;(3)from the view of spatial scale,the negative effect of environmental regulation on wage growth weakens in the middle,east and west areas with the spatial spillover.These conclusions show that:environmental regulation deteriorated the income distribution in local areas,which should be paid attention when formulated and implemented;the income gap is increased between low-skilled and high-skilled labor by environmental regulation,which brings concern about environmental inequality and should be avoid through employment guidance and skills training for low-skilled labor;as environmental regulation affecting the pattern of regional income distribution,regional coordinated development should be achieved to avoid the barrel effect of pollution control through the establishment of regional environmental compensation mechanism.