马铃薯氮高效基因型品种筛选及指标评价

Screening and Evaluation of Nitrogen Use Efficiency Index in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

【目的】为研究马铃薯氮利用效率,筛选氮高效利用品种,进一步研究氮营养高效利用机理提供依据。【方法】以24个品种为材料,设3个施氮水平,以MS营养液为基础营养液,通过营养液沙培试验,研究马铃薯氮高效利用品种的评价指标及评价方法。【结果】马铃薯苗期和块茎膨大期的含氮率、干物质积累量、氮积累量和收获时的产量存在较大的变异系数,可作为筛选的主要指标,而苗期的根冠比差异较明显,可作为筛选的辅助指标;以此为依据,在确定最适氮水平条件下,通过二次加权平均法及聚类分析法筛选出马铃薯氮高效利用品种费乌瑞它、川芋117,氮低效品种川芋56和凉薯97。【结论】马铃薯苗期和块茎膨大期的含氮率、干物质积累量、氮积累量和收获时的产量可作为氮高效利用的筛选指标,在确定最适氮水平条件下,二次加权平均法及聚类分析法筛选马铃薯氮高效利用品可靠性高。

【Objective】The study aimed to provide a basis for the study of potato nitrogen use efficiency,screen the nitrogen efficient utilization varieties and further study on the mechanism of high efficient utilization of nitrogen nutrition.【Method】The evaluation index and method of potato cultivars with high nitrogen utilization efficiency were studied by sand culture experiment of nutrient solution based on MS nutrient solution with 24 varieties as materials and 3 levels of nitrogen application.【Result】In potato seeding period and tuber expansion period,the nitrogen content,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and yield had larger coefficient of variation,which can be used as main screening indicators.While the root-shoot ratio at seedling stage was significantly different,which could be used as an assistant index for screening.Therefore,under the condition of determining the optimum nitrogen level,the high nitrogen utilization efficiency potato cultivars Favorita,Chuanyu117 and nitrogen-inefficient cultivars Chuanyu56 and Liangshu97 were screened by means of twice weighted average method and cluster analysis.【Conclusion】Nitrogen content,dry matter accumulation,nitrogen accumulation and yield in potato seedling and tuber expansion stages can be used as screening indicators for nitrogen efficient utilization,and under the condition of determining the optimum nitrogen level,the twice weighted average method and cluster analysis method have high reliability in screening potato nitrogen-efficient products.