氮、钾配施对杭菊生长、产量和元素含量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen and Potassium on Growth, Yield and Mineral Elements of Chrysanthemum morifolium

【目的】采用盆栽土培试验,研究氮、钾配施对杭菊生长、产量的影响及其交互作用分析,并确定适宜杭菊生长的最佳氮、钾肥施用量。【方法】测定各不同花期的鲜花花朵数、鲜花产量和折干率;采用相应的理化方法测定氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)和镁(Mg)。【结果】氮和钾肥配合施用显著影响杭菊的花朵数、鲜花产量和各花期的折干率。氮、钾肥均能促进杭菊花芽分化,并提高植株的花朵数和药材产量。植株鲜花折干率同施氮量呈负相关,同施钾量呈正相关。氮、钾两种肥料之间相比,氮肥施用量对杭菊各期花的花朵数和鲜花产量影响更大,而钾肥对杭菊各期花的折干率影响更大;氮、钾两种肥料对杭菊植株花朵数、鲜花产量、鲜花折干率等方面存在着显著的交互作用。【结论】回归分析表明,杭菊生育期内,当N=5.00 g/株,K=5.64~6.00 g/株时,鲜花花朵数、鲜花产量以及鲜花折干率达到最大,分别为98.94朵/株,88.80 g/株;氮、钾两种肥料间施用比例以N/K=0.83~0.89时,植株生育期的花朵数、鲜花产量和折干率最高。

【Objective】The effects of combined application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers on the growth,yield and dried rate of each flowering period of Chrysanthemum morifolium and their interaction with a pot experiment were studied in order to provide an appropriate N and P application rate for the standardized cultivation of C.morifolium.【Method】The number of flowers,the yield of flowers and the dried rate of flowers were measured after harvesting.The corresponding physical and chemical methods were used to determine N,P,K,Ca and Mg.【Result】The combination of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer significantly affected the number of flowers,flower yield and the dried rate of each flowering period of C.morifolium.Both nitrogen and potassium fertilizers could promote the differentiation of C.morifolium bud,increase the yield of C.morifolium and flower number of C.morifolium.However,the rate of drying of C.morifolium was negatively correlated with nitrogen application rate,and positively correlated with potassium application rate.Compared with nitrogen and potassium fertilizers,nitrogen fertilizer had a greater effect on flower number and flower yield,while potassium fertilizer had a greater effect on flower drying rate.Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers had significant interaction on flower number,flower yield,and flower drying rate of C.morifolium.【Conclusion】Regression analysis showed that during the growth period,when N=5.00 g/plant,K=5.64-6.00 g/plant,the number of flowers,the yield of flowers and the drying rate of flowers reached the maximum,respectively 98.94/plant and 88.80 g/plant.When N/K=0.83-0.89,the number of flowers,the yield of flowers and the drying rate were the highest.