限根下不同施钙量对番茄品质、产量及养分的影响

Effects of Different Calcium Application on Tomato Quality, Yield and Nutrients Under Roots Restriction

【目的】本试验旨在通过研究不同施钙量对番茄品质、产量及养分等的影响,探求有利于提高番茄品质、产量等的最适钙用量,为钙肥的高效合理利用提供依据。【方法】采用限根养液土耕的栽培方式,N、P、K、Mg元素以日本园试配方1/2剂量单位为基本单位,调整Ca和S的浓度,Ca元素共设5个处理,分别为CK:不施入任何肥料,T1:1 mmol/L,T2:2 mmol/L,T3:3 mmol/L,T4:4 mmol/L。【结果】钙肥的施入可以提高番茄果实中可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量,钙肥的施入可降低脐腐果率和硝酸盐含量;同时钙肥可以提高单果重和番茄产量。盛果期,植株茎叶部及根部N、P、K的吸收量随钙肥的增加呈现先增后降的趋势,且处理间差异达显著水平;处理T3茎叶部全钙、全镁含量最大,分别比CK、T1、T2、T4提高了23.26%、8.32%、29.70%、5.90%和4.81%、5.33%、7.88%、4.17%。茎叶部Ca与Mg元素呈正相关关系,随着钙肥的增加相关系数增加。土壤Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)含量对茎叶部Ca、Mg元素的吸收表现增效作用。【结论】T2和T3处理产量较高、品质较好,考虑到肥料投入成本,建议使用T2处理的施肥方案。

【Objective】The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effects of different calcium application rates on tomato quality,yield and nutrients,and to explore the optimum calcium dosage for improving tomato quality and yield,and to provide basis for efficient and rational use of calcium fertilizer.【Method】The cultivation method of root-limited nutrient soil cultivation was adopted.The N,P,K and Mg elements were based on the Japanese garden test formula 1/2 dosage unit as the basic unit,and the concentration of Ca and S was adjusted respectively:CK:no fertilizer,T1:1 mmol/L,T2:2 mmol/L,T3:3 mmol/L,T4:4 mmol/L.【Result】The application of calcium fertilizer could increase the content of soluble solids and soluble sugar in tomato fruit.The application of calcium fertilizer could reduce the rate of navel and fruit nitrate content;at the same time,calcium fertilizer can increase single fruit weight and tomato yield.At the fruiting stage,the uptake of N,P and K in the stems and leaves of the plants increased first and then decreased with the increase of calcium fertilizer,and the difference between treatments reached a significant level;the total calcium and total magnesium content in the stems and leaves of T3 were treated.The largest,respectively,increased by 23.26%,8.32%,29.70%,5.90%and 4.81%,5.33%,7.88%,and 4.17%compared with CK,T1,T2,and T4.There is a positive correlation between Ca and Mg in stem-leaf,and the correlation coefficient increased with the increase of calcium fertilizer.The content of Ca^2+and Mg^2+in soil increased the absorption of Ca and Mg in stems and leaves.【Conclusion】T2 and T3 have higher yield and better quality.Considering the cost of fertilizer input,it is recommended to use the T2 treatment fertilization program.