中外传统医学中的放血疗法之比较

Comparison of blood letting therapy in traditional Chinese medicine and foreign medicine

放血疗法作为世界范围内疾病的古老治疗方法,反映了人类对疾病最原始的探索。世界各地许多民族的传统医学对放血疗法有着独特的看法:《黄帝内经》详细阐述了放血疗法的理论和临床应用,蒙医、藏医的《四部医典》亦明确记载了放血疗法。古希腊医学家希波克拉底的体液理论认为,放血可以维持体液平衡。印度的《妙文集》中同样认为放血可祛痛,消肿。阿拉伯世界的Hijama疗法也旨在释放“坏血”。本文通过收集了国内外放血疗法相关文献,对比了国内外放血疗法的历史源流、放血工具、理论依据等方面的异同,阐述放血疗法的起源及发展概貌。

As an ancient treatment of diseases worldwide,blood letting therapy reflects the most primitive exploration of disease.Traditional medicines of many nations around the world have unique views on blood letting therapy:Huangdi Neijng elaborated on the theory and clinical application of blood letting therapy.Sibu Yidian of Mongolian Medicine and Tibetan Medicine also clearly recorded blood letting therapy.The acient greek meidcal scientist Hippocrates’theory of humor believed that blood letting can maintain body fluid balance.In India’s Miaowenji,it was also insisted on blood letting could relieve pain and swelling.The Hijama therapy in the Arabic world was also aimed at releasing“bad blood”.This paper collected the relevant literatures on blood letting therapy at home and abroad,comparing the historical origins of blood letting therapy,blood letting tools,theoretical basis and other similarities and differences at home and abroad,and describing the origin and development of blood letting therapy.