11世纪日本对谢灵运的认识及评价差异——以源隆国《安养集》为例

The Different Images of Xie Lingyun in the Context of the Eleventh Century Japan: On the Historical Features of Minamoto no Takakuni’s Anyōshū

源隆国在宇治平等院的南泉房带领天台宗的阿阇梨们编纂了净土教义书《安养集》。他在该书序文中,把东晋释慧远“与高士谢灵运等”在庐山修行净土业,临终得见圣众来迎一事描述为“思其胜躅,备所庶几也”。这种说法明显不同于我国宋代对谢灵运消极形象的普遍认知。本文通过对其记述的分析,论述日本对谢灵运的认识及其与时代背景的联系,并依据源隆国自身的中国文化素养程度论及日本中世之初的对外观念。

In the Nansenbo of the Uji Byodoin,Minamoto no Takakuni organized scholars of the Tendai Sect to compile a Sukhavati book titled A nyoshu.In the preface of this book,Minamoto no Takakuni noted that Shi Huiyuan of the East Jin Dynasty(317-420)had been practicing Sukhavati's Karma with people such as Xie Lingyun on Lu Mountain,and after they had passed away,saints came to m eet them.In his description of this event,he wrote"recalling their great achievem ents,he was found to resemble a sage".This evaluation of Xie Lingyun is very different from the negative attitudes shown towards him by the people of the Song Dynasty(960-1279).Through an analysis of this description,this paper discusses the relevance of Xie Lingyun's reception in Japan with its different historical context.The paper also discusses the concept of foreign cultures held by Japanese in the early Middle Ages(around 11th-12th century)through the example of Minamoto no Takakuni's Chinese cultural literacy.