椎间盘软骨终板干细胞及其在椎间盘退变和修复中作用的研究进展

Research progress on the cartilage endplate stem cell in the intervertebral disc degeneration and regeneration

脊柱退行性疾病是脊柱外科常见疾病,其发病率随着人口老龄化的进程逐渐升高,给患者、家庭和社会造成了沉重的负担。椎间盘退变被认为是脊柱退行性疾病的主要病因[1-2]。椎间盘由上下软骨终板、胶冻样的髓核组织及外层纤维环构成,其内部细胞营养物质的交换是主要通过软骨终板上营养通道的弥散作用进行[3]。

Neck,shoulder or low back pain which is induced by spinal degeneration diseases is one of the main causes of labor loss in adults.Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is the most important pathological basis.Normal intervertebral discs rely on the diffusion of the nutrient channels in their cartilage endplates to complete the substance exchange.Calcification of the cartilage endplate in the degenerated intervertebral disc causes blockage of exchange in the intervertebral disc,affecting internal cell activity and accelerating degeneration of the intervertebral disc.Conventional surgery has many complications and can’t restore the normal functions of the intervertebral disc in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.Stem cell therapy is considered to be the most promising way to repair the intervertebral disc,however,exogenous stem cells are generally unable to adapt to the harsh internal environment of the degenerated intervertebral disc,which limits the application of stem cell therapy in intervertebral disc regeneration.The cartilage endplate stem cells are endogenous stem cells of the cartilage endplate tissue,which have better intervertebral disc environmental adaptability and differentiation potential.It is ideal to reverse the degeneration of endplate cartilage by the application of cartilage endplate stem cells,which may become a breakthrough point.However,there is no unified standard for the isolation and identification of cartilage endplate stem cells,and various factors and mechanisms affecting their activity have not yet been elucidated.Therefore,this article reviews the research progress of cartilage endplate stem cells,and hopes to provide new ideas and new perspectives for intervertebral disc research.