农产品供应链中物流与电商的协同机制

The Research on the Synergy Mechanism of Logistics and E-commerce in the Agricultural Products Supply Chain

近年来,我国农产品供应链中物流和电子商务所发挥的作用越来越重要。二者之间能否协同发展,既影响到各自的发展水平和质量,又关系到整个农产品供应链的平稳运行,从而对农业和农村经济的稳定发展产生影响。对农产品供应链中物流与电商所构成的复合系统可借鉴协同学的思想和方法,通过建立微分方程数学模型分析系统的自组织演化过程,求解系统达到协同状态的稳定性条件,分析结果表明农产品物流与电商实现协同的稳定平衡条件取决于农产品物流与电商之间正向贡献效应和负向影响效应的大小。农产品供应链物流与电商复合系统的宏观序参量包括政策法规、经济发展水平、行业竞争、信息技术发展水平和市场需求,微观序参量包括物流与电商的合作忠诚度、信息共享程度以及物流瓶颈。微观序参量是决定农产品物流和电商复合系统自组织演变的关键因素,宏观序参量通过影响内部微观序参量间接影响农产品物流与电商的演化过程。通过对2013-2018年我国农产品物流与电商协同变化过程的分析可知,农产品物流与电商发展迅速,但农产品物流子系统的有序度明显高于电商子系统,农产品物流的发展受外部宏观因素影响大;农产品物流与电商之间存在着协同关系,但协同水平低,且与农产品物流与电商的发展不匹配。我国应采取措施释放农产品电商需求,加大对农产品第三方物流产业的扶持力度;加强战略协作,提升农产品物流与电商的合作伙伴忠诚度;加强信息集成整合,提升农产品物流与电商之间的信息共享程度。

In recent years,logistics and e-commerce play an increasingly important role in the supply chain of agricultural products.The coordinated development of the two will not only affect the development level and quality of each other,but also affect the smooth operation of the whole supply chain of agricultural products,thus affecting the stable development of agriculture and rural economy.The authors analyze the composition and basic structure of the agricultural product supply chain system.From the perspective of complex system,using the research ideas and methods of synergetics,taking the complex system composed of logistics and e-commerce in the agricultural product supply chain as the research object,the authors construct the analysis framework of the coordination mechanism of the complex system.The key point is to analyze the self-organization evolution of the system through the establishment of differential equation mathematical model.The stability conditions for the system to reach cooperative state are solved.By solving the differential equation,it is concluded that the stable balance condition of agricultural products logistics and e-commerce depends on the positive contribution effect and negative influence effect between agricultural products logistics and e-commerce.Based on this,the order parameters of agricultural products logistics and e-commerce collaborative system,including macro order parameters and micro order parameters,are identified according to the factors that determine the contribution effect and influence effect.According to the principle of synergetics,the authors consider that the micro order parameter is the key factor that affects the realization of the coordination of the complex system,and the bottleneck order parameter that determines whether the system can realize the coordination.It can push the self-organization process of the system to approach the collaborative state by applying external intervention to the micro order parameter,while the macro order parameter reflects the state of the self-organization process of the system.Therefore,combined with the identified macro order parameters,select the corresponding indicators to form the order parameter index set,and further build an evaluation model to measure the degree of coordination between China's agricultural products logistics and e-commerce.Through this model,the index data from 2013 to 2018 are analyzed.The analysis results show that although the development speed of China's agricultural products logistics and e-commerce is very fast in recent years,the situation of collaborative development between them has been in a state of extreme maladjustment,which is in the dynamic evolution process of mutual competition and cooperation.It is far from reaching a stable balance of coordination,which also shows that there is still a lot of room for improvement in promoting the coordination of agricultural products logistics and e-commerce in China.In view of this situation,the authors put forward that we should try to stimulate more demand for agricultural e-commerce,increase support for 3PL of this industry,strengthen strategic coordination,and strengthen information integration,and improve the information sharing among agricultural product logistics and e-commerce.Improvement suggestions around three micro order parameters of agricultural products logistics and e-commerce collaborative system,namely,logistics bottleneck,partner loyalty and information sharing degree.