重油生产低碳烯烃等化工品技术研究进展

Advances in production of chemicals such as light oilfins from heavy oil

当前国内炼油产能过剩,化工品如低碳烯烃及苯-甲苯-二甲苯混合物(BTX)等存在缺口,因此应推动炼油向石化的生产转变,化解过剩产能同时提高化工品供给。我国原油馏分偏重且原油重质化劣质化趋势不可逆转,因此利用重油生产低碳烯烃等化工品成为技术关键。本文介绍了重油生产低碳烯烃的催化裂解单项技术典型工艺,包括重油深度催化裂解(DCC)、催化热裂解(CPP)及重油裂解制烯烃(HCC)工艺,认为催化裂解技术的发展在于催化剂的改性与反应器型式的革新优化,下行床反应器前景更为广阔。同时,本文也介绍了从重油或原油通过加氢裂化联合催化裂解、蒸汽裂解及芳烃装置一体化生产化工品的几种国内外工艺技术及工程项目。在单项技术无法取得明显突破之前,炼化一体化生产化工品具有集约化、高效化、灵活性高及经济效益好等优势。一体化技术的重点在于重油(渣油)的深度转化,可通过渣油的加氢裂化工艺来实现。

Domestic refining capacity is excessive,while chemical products such as low-carbon olefins and BTX cannot meet market demand.Therefore,it is necessary to promote the conversion of refining to petrochemical production,to resolve excessive capacity and increase the supply of petrochemicals.China’s crude oil is heavy and the inferiorization trend is irreversible.Therefore,the use of heavy oil to produce low-carbon olefins and other chemical products has become the key technology.This paper introduces the typical process of catalytic pyrolysis of heavy oil to produce low-carbon olefins,including DCC,CPP and HCC processes.It is believed that the development of catalytic pyrolysis technology lies in the modification of catalysts and the innovation of reactor,and the prospect of downer reactor is better.At the same time,this paper also introduces several domestic and foreign technologies and engineering projects for the production of chemicals from heavy oil or crude oil through hydrocracking combined with catalytic pyrolysis,steam cracking and aromatics unit.Since the single technology can not achieve a significant breakthrough,refining-chemical integration production of chemical products has the advantages of intensification,high efficiency,high flexibility and good economic returns.The focus of the integrated technology is on the deep conversion of heavy oil(residue),which can be achieved by the hydrocracking process of the residue.