生物质炭化热解气催化重整制取费-托合成气研究进展

Research on the preparation of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis gas by biomass carbonization pyrolysis gas catalytic reforming

生物质热解气是一种高热值的可燃气体,具有重要的开发利用价值,但由于其复杂的组分,多焦油和CO2、CH4等成分对热解气化过程以及相关的设备都有较大的危害,而冷凝下来形成的黏稠液体易造成管道堵塞,直接燃用产生的炭黑会造成环境污染,成为制约热解气进一步开发利用的主要因素。本文分析了热解气催化重整制取费-托合成气的可行性,分别介绍了连续和分段式热解-催化重整设备,镍基、钙基、铁基、碱金属类、生物炭等催化剂,以及热解气分离提纯技术等方面的研究现状,分析了目前热解气制取费-托合成气研究中存在的催化重整设备规格不统一、缺乏相关的行业标准、不同催化剂与催化剂助剂的催化重整效果、机理尚不明确等问题,并提出了采用分段式热解-催化重整设备,并以炭化产品生物炭作为催化重整催化剂的未来研究方向,开辟了生物质炭化热解气开发利用的新途径。

Biomass pyrolysis gas is a kind of high calorific value combustible gas,which has important development and utilization value.However,due to its complex components,multi-tar oil,CO2,CH4 and other components have tremendous hazard to pyrolysis gasification process and related equipment.and the viscous liquid formed by condensation is likely to cause blockage of the pipeline,and the carbon black generated by direct combustion will cause environmental pollution,all of which constitutes a major factor restricting the further development and utilization of pyrolysis gas.This paper analyzes the feasibility of pyrolysis gas catalytic reforming to Fischer-Tropsch synthesis gas.It introduces respectively the research status of continuous and segmented pyrolysis-catalytic reforming equipment,nickel-based,calcium-based,iron-based,alkali-based,carbon and other catalysts as well as pyrolysis gas separation and purification technology,analyzes the existing problems in current research in terms of non-uniformity of catalytic reforming equipment,lack of relevant industry standards,different catalysts and catalytic reforming effect as well as unclear mechanism of catalyst additives,proposes the future research direction such as the application of segmented pyrolysis-catalytic reforming equipment and using biochar as catalytic reforming catalyst,opens up a new way of development and utilization of biomass carbonization pyrolysis gas.