泡沫铝的低速冲击吸能性能

Low Velocity Impact Energy Absorption Properties of Aluminum Foams

通过填加造孔剂法制备孔隙率不同的泡沫铝。采用落锤冲击实验研究了冲击能量、冲击速度对泡沫铝低速冲击性能的影响。分析了泡沫铝在冲击载荷作用下的失效行为。结果表明:随着冲击能量的增加,泡沫铝临界峰值载荷增大;在固定冲击能量下,泡沫铝的变形量随着冲击速度的增大而增加,但在冲击速度较高时泡沫铝吸能行为趋于不稳定;泡沫铝的孔隙率对其冲击吸能量的影响显著。随孔隙率的增大,泡沫铝的临界峰值载荷和平台区载荷逐步下降,但单位质量泡沫铝最终吸能量增大。应根据具体的使役条件选用合适孔隙率的泡沫铝。

The Al foams with different porosities were fabricated by filling pore-making agent method. The effects of the impact energy and velocity on the low velocity impact properties of aluminum foams were investigated by drop hammer impact test, meanwhile the failure behaviors of Al foams under impact load were analyzed systematically. The results show that the critical peak load of Al foams increases with the increase of impact energy. Under the fixed impact energy, the deformation increases with the impact velocity increasing, but Al foams tend to have low stability to absorb energy when the impact velocity is high. The porosity of Al foams has a big influence on the absorbed energy during the impact test. With the increase of porosity, the critical peak load and plateau load of Al foams gradually decrease, but the final value of unit mass specific energy absorption increases. It is supposed to choose Al foams with suitable porosities according to specific application conditions.