以消费者为中心的开放银行数据共享机制研究

A Consumer-centered Data Sharing Mechanism of Open Banking

金融科技的兴起和互联网平台经济的发展,推动了商业银行数字化转型。在此背景下,融合金融支付、投资理财、资金借贷等功能为一体,以向第三方赋能、共享数据为核心的开放银行应运而生。然而,在金融数据资产监管与治理上,却缺乏顶层标准设计和规则研究。为探究开放银行数据共享机制和合规路径,本文以竞争法思路论证共享的必要性,并通过借鉴欧盟、英国、美国、日本、澳大利亚、中国香港等国家或地区的监管体系,结合国情实际,遵循市场驱动而非强制性开放的发展路径,对实践中已有的开放实例,从监管与治理两个角度出发,以制度和技术为双轨,对反垄断、数据权属、API技术、第三方授权等内容进行标准厘定,对各方主体责任的认定加以规范;同时,在技术方面引入监管科技和"共票"治理,构建开放银行的运作与监管机制,以应对金融科技带来的监管变革。

The rise of fintech and the development of the internet platform economy have promoted the digital transformation of commercial banks. In these circumstances, Open Banking, which integrates functions such as financial payment, wealth management, fund lending, and so on, comes into existence. However, there lacks studies on the top-level design of standards and rules on the supervision and governance of financial data assets. This paper studies the data sharing mechanism of Open Banking and compliance approaches by arguing the necessity of data sharing from the angle of the competition law, and using the experiences of the regulation systems of the EU, Britain, the U.S., Japan, Australia, Hong Kong, etc. This paper proposes standards of for antitrust, data ownership, API technology, third-party authorization, and so on, from the two perspectives institution and technology and by taking into account China’s reality, following the path of market-driven rather than forced opening, as well as studying the real world cases of opening from the views of regulation and governance. This paper also proposes methods to identify the responsibilities of all relevant parties, and suggests on how to construct the operation and regulation of Open Banking by introducing regulatory technology and Coken governance, so that to response to the changes brought about the financial technology progresses.