医学超声诊疗设备计量检测方法研究与探索

Research and Exploration of Metrology Measurement Methods for Medical Ultrasound Diagnosis and Treatment Equipment

由于超声具有实时,无创的特点,超声诊疗设备在医学领域中占据极其重要的地位,在临床疾病的诊断和治疗中发挥着巨大的作用。随着技术的发展,超声诊疗设备在提高诊断能力和加强超声治疗效果的同时,其强度也不断增加,从而加大了使用超声诊疗设备的风险;因此必须对各类超声诊疗设备的声场分布和功率计量进行研究、分析和校准,从而保障超声诊疗设备的安全性和可靠性。本文对其中关键技术和核心部件进行研究:标准及耐高声强水听器、超声声场分布检测与校准装置和非接触式超声测温技术。标准及耐高声强水听器由耐冲击的复合材料及金属材料构成匹配层,有较强的耐冲击能力,能够满足高声功率的超声检测;声场检测装置是在有限元对声场数值模拟优化后,利用三维运动机构控制水听器在聚焦声场的近场区域进行扫描,重建焦点处声场进行互谱运算,完成了单个水听器对超声各参数的测量,克服了双水听器的频率上限和其两通道的性能不完全一致带来的附加相位问题;超声无创测温技术利用热释电传感器来检测声衰减系数的变化,以此得到温度的变化,最后使用猪肉进行温度的测量,其误差小于2.5%以内,满足临床手术中的要求。在上述技术和系统基础上,建立医学超声诊疗设备计量检测体系,可以有效地服务国内超声诊疗设备制造业和临床医院。

Due to the real-time,non-invasive nature of ultrasound,ultrasound diagnostic equipment occupies an extremely important position in the medical field and plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of clinical diseases.With the development of technology,ultrasound diagnostic equipment increases the diagnostic ability and enhances the effect of ultrasound treatment,and its intensity is also increasing,which increases the risk of using ultrasound diagnostic equipment;therefore,it is necessary to study,analyze and calibrate the sound field detection and power metering of various ultrasonic diagnostic equipment to ensure the safety and reliability of ultrasound diagnostic equipment.In this paper,the key technologies and core components were studied,including standard and high-volume strong hydrophone,ultrasonic acoustic field distribution detection and calibration device,and non-contact ultrasonic temperature measurement technology.The diaphragm standard and high sound intensity hydrophone were made of impact-resistant composite materials and metal materials that had strong impact resistance to form a matching layer,which could meet the requirements of high sound power detection.The sound field detection device could measure various parameters of ultrasound by using a single hydrophone after finite element simulation of sound field.The three-dimensional motion mechanism was used to control the hydrophone to scan in the near-field region of the focused sound field,and the sound field at the focus was reconstructed for cross-spectral operation.The additional phase problem caused by the upper frequency limit of the dual hydrophone and the inconsistent performance of the two channels was overcome.A pyroelectric sensor to detect changes in the sound attenuation coefficient by ultrasonic non-invasive temperature measurement technology used to obtain temperature changes.Finally,the temperature of pork was measured,and the error was less than 2.5%,which met the requirements of clinical operation.On the basis of the above technologies and systems,the establishment of a medical ultrasound diagnosis and treatment equipment measurement and detection system can effectively serve the domestic ultrasound diagnosis and treatment equipment manufacturing industry and clinical hospitals.