以管网改革为契机理顺天然气产业链价格

Pipeline network reform: An opportunity to harmonize natural-gas industrial chain price

天然气工业从下游的城市配送到中游的管道运输和上游的勘探开发,投资风险依次递增,其所要求和获得的投资回报率也应依次递增,然而我国的现实情况却是中游管道运输获得的投资回报率最高,下游城市配送居中(个别地区城市配送获得的投资回报率高于管道运输),上游勘探生产(含进口)最低。通过分析我国天然气产业链不同环节所获得的投资收益与承担的投资风险不相匹配的历史及现实原因,认为它们是在我国现行的天然气工业结构基础上形成的,是与我国天然气工业现行的生产(进口)和运输一体化结构相适应的。油气管网运营机制改革将使我国天然气工业结构发生重大调整,应以此为契机相应地调整天然气产业链价格,否则将会影响天然气工业与市场的健康、可持续发展。为此,提出了理顺天然气产业链价格的具体建议:①现阶段按照权益资本收益率7%~8%核定中游管道运输价格,按照权益资本收益率不超过7%核定城市配气价格;②气源或门站销售价格由上游供应方与下游买方协商确定,但对拥有较大市场份额的上游供气方应给予适当管控,使其上游勘探开发投资在弥补进口亏损后所获得的权益资本收益率不能超过管道运输权益资本收益率的2倍。

Some risk to invest natural-gas industry increases successively in terms of downstream city distribution,midstream pipeline transportation,and upstream exploration and development.Moreover,the required and obtained re turn on this investment also increases in turn.However,a domestic fact is that this return is the highest in the mid stream,moderate in the downstream(in particular areas,the return on investment of city distribution is higher than that of pipeline transportation),and the lowest in the upstream(including the imported gas).So,many historical and real reasons for an unmatched relationship between obtained return on investment and undertaken investment risk in different links of domestic natural-gas industry chain were analyzed.Results show that,it's the product of domestic current industry structure and adaptive to current production(import)-transportation integrated structure in domestic gas industry.With the reform of the operation mechanism of pipeline network,domestic gas industry will experience major structural adjustment.Therefore,it's necessary to grasp this opportunity to correspondingly adjust industrial chain price,or the healthy and sustainable development of gas industry and market will be impacted.In this regard,several suggestions to harmonize the price are proposed,including(1)it's essential to ratify the price of midstream pipeline transportation according to the return on equity capital of 7%-8%and that of city gas distribution according to the return on equity capital not higher than 7%;(2)the selling price at some gas source or gate stations shall be determined on the basis of one negotiation between upstream suppliers and downstream buyers.As for certain up stream suppliers with larger market share,however,appropriate control shall be applied,so that the return on equity capital of upstream exploration and development investment after the compensation for import deficit is not higher than 200%that of pipeline transportation.