失智症老年患者生命质量现状及其影响因素调查

Analysis of quality of life of the elderly with dementia and its influencing factors

目的调查失智症老年患者生命质量现况,并探究其影响因素,为今后采取有效干预提高该人群的生命质量提供依据。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2018年11月至2019年3月北京、浙江5所三级甲等医院门诊和患者俱乐部的失智症老年患者216例,调查患者的一般资料、疾病情况、生命质量以及患者的精神行为症状、抑郁症状、日常生活活动能力;采用多元线性回归分析生命质量的影响因素。结果失智症老年患者生命质量得分为(29.92±5.53)分,以记忆力、进行娱乐活动的能力、做家务的能力、情绪、精力、身体健康状况7个条目得分相对较低(低于平均分2.30);患者的年龄(β=0.140,P=0.043)、病程(β=-0.169,P=0.007)、合并症(β=-0.174,P=0.007)、抑郁症状(β=-0.300,P<0.001)及日常生活活动能力(β=-0.275,P<0.001)为影响因素。结论失智症老年患者的生命质量得分中娱乐活动、做家务、记忆力、情绪、精力、身体健康状况相对较低,影响失智症老年患者生命质量的因素来源于多方面,如年龄、病程、抑郁症状及日常生活活动能力,今后可以对失智症老年患者进行有针对性的干预,以有效提高生命质量。

Objective To investigate the quality of life of the elderly with dementia and explore its influencing factors,so as to provide a basis for effective interventions to improve their quality of life.Methods Using the convenience sampling method,the elderly with dementia(n=216)from the clinics and patient clubs of 3A-level hospitals in Beijing and Zhejiang from November 2018 to March 2019 were selected.The patients'general information,disease status,quality of life,neuropsychiatric symptoms,depressive symptoms,and activities of daily living were collected.Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of the quality of life.Results The score of quality of life among the elderly patients with dementia was(29.92±5.53),and the scores of 7 items including memory,ability to engage in recreational activities,ability to do housework,mood,energy and physical health were relatively low(lower than the average score of 2.30).Age(β=0.140,P=0.043),course of disease(β=-0.169,P=0.007),complications(β=-0.174,P=0.007),depressive symptoms(β=-0.300,P<0.001),and ability to daily activites(β=-0.275,P<0.001)were influential factors.Conclusion The scores of quality of life among the elderly patients with dementia are lower in terms of recreational activities,housework,memory,mood,energy and physical health.Factors affecting the quality of life of elderly patients with dementia come from many aspects,such as age,course of disease,depressive symptoms and ability of daily activities.In the future,targeted interventions can be carried out on elderly patients with dementia to effectively improve the quality of life.