农业非点源氮磷流失风险评估的研究

Risk Assessment of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss from Agricultural Non-point Sources

农业非点源氮磷流失已经成为我国水体富营养化的最主要污染源,具有显著的时空差异性。首先介绍农业非点源污染的定义、产生原因和特点,并针对农业非点源导致的氮磷流失风险进行介绍,包括风险评估方法(辨识空间差异)和时间差异性的研究。总结国内运用氮磷及综合污染指数评价法已较为普遍,但尚局限于关键源区的筛选,并多集中于农业小流域或者局部的林业区,缺乏关键期的筛选。因此,今后亟待结合不同水文期的差异加强氮磷及综合流失风险的时空差异研究。

Agricultural non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loss has become the main source of water eutrophication in China, with significant spatial and temporal differences. This paper introduces the definition, causes and characteristics of agricultural non-point source pollution, and introduces the risk of nitrogen and phosphorus loss caused by agricultural non-point source pollution, including risk assessment methods(identification of spatial differences) and time differences. It is concluded that the evaluation methods of nitrogen, phosphorus and comprehensive pollution index have been widely used in China, but they are still limited to the screening of key source areas, and mostly concentrated in small agricultural basins or local forestry areas, lacking the screening of key periods. Therefore, it is urgent to strengthen the study of spatial and temporal differences of nitrogen and phosphorus and their comprehensive loss risks in the future in light of the differences in different hydrological periods.