鲁西南地区二孩家庭学龄前儿童忽视现状及影响因素

Neglect and associated factors among preschool children in two-child families in southwest Shandong Province

目的了解鲁西南地区二孩家庭中学龄前儿童忽视现状及影响因素,为提高二孩家庭的养育质量提供参考。方法采用问卷调查法,对整群随机抽取的山东省鲁西南地区16所幼儿园2 646名二孩家庭和2 074名一孩家庭学龄前儿童家长进行儿童忽视状况调查。结果鲁西南地区二孩家庭学龄前儿童的总忽视率为27.37%,忽视度为(40.15±5.51)。男童身体忽视率(10.39%)、情感忽视率(21.85%)、总忽视度(38.15±4.88)和情感忽视度(46.12±6.91)均高于女童,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2/t值分别为4.57,6.65,4.58,4.72,P值均<0.05);不同年级儿童总忽视率、总忽视度、各层面忽视率和忽视度比较,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。兄弟姐妹年龄在7~<13和≥13岁的学龄前儿童总忽视率(30.44%,32.77%)、身体忽视率(10.20%,12.00%)、情感忽视率(23.06%,25.35%)、总忽视度(44.71±5.98,45.33±5.20)和情感忽视度(45.95±7.12,48.86±4.97)均明显高于其他组,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2/t值分别为31.10,4.55,27.92,24.13,19.83,P值均<0.05)。二孩家庭的学龄前儿童总忽视率(27.37%)、情感忽视率(23.47%)以及总忽视度(40.15±5.51)、情感忽视度(43.68±6.83)均高于一孩家庭,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2/t值分别为4.98,4.96,3.76,8.53,P值均<0.05)。影响二孩家庭学龄前儿童是否受到忽视的主要因素有兄弟姐妹年龄、母亲受教育程度、家庭教育主要实施人(OR值分别为0.58,0.61,1.54,P值均<0.05)。结论鲁西南地区二孩家庭中学龄前儿童的忽视情况高于一孩家庭,其中学龄前男童和长子处在学龄期的学龄前儿童忽视情况尤为严重。

Objective To investigate neglect among preschool children in two-child families in southwest Shandong Province, and to provide reference is for improving nursing parenting quality of two-child families. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 646 parents of two-child families and 2 074 parents of one-child families from 16 kindergartens in southwest Shandong Province. Results The total neglect rate of two-child family preschool children in southwest Shandong Province was 27.37%, and the degree score of neglect was(40.15±5.51). The physical neglect rate(10.39%), emotional neglect rate(40.15±5.51), total neglect(38.15±4.88) and emotional neglect(46.12±6.91) of boys were higher than those of girls, and the difference was statistically significant(χ~2/t=4.57, 6.65, 4.58, 4.72, P<0.05);No significant frequencies were found in total neglect rate, total neglect, neglect rate and neglect at all levels among all age groups(P>0.05);Among preschool children with siblings aged 7-<13, ≥13, total neglect rate(30.44%, 32.77%), emotional neglect rate(10.20%,12.00%), total neglect degree(44.71±5.98, 45.33±5.20) and emotional neglect degree(45.95±7.12, 48.86±4.97) of preschool children in two-child families have higher than those in one-child families, and the differences were of statistical significance(χ~2/t=31.10, 4.55, 27.92, 24.13, 19.83, P<0.05);the total neglect rate(27.37%), emotional neglect rate(23.47%), emotional neglect(43.68±6.83) of two-child families and the total neglect(40.15±5.51) were higher than those of one-child families, and the differences were of statistical significance(χ~2/t=4.98, 4.96, 3.76, 8.53, P<0.05). The age of siblings(OR=0.58), the education level of mothers(OR=0.64), and the main executor of family education(OR=1.54) were main factors to influence the child neglect of preschool children in two-child families(P<0.05). Conclusion Neglect of preschool children in two-child families is higher than that in one-child families in southwest Shandong, especially among those preschool boys and preschool children whose siblings were of school age.