中国中小学校食堂基础设施建设和卫生管理现况

Infrastructure and sanitation practice of Chinese primary and middle schools canteens

目的了解中国中小学校校内食堂的基础设施建设和食品安全及卫生管理现况,为提高中国学校食堂食品安全及卫生管理水平提供依据。方法采用分层抽样的方法选取全国17个省份没有校内食堂的中小学校1 636所,通过问卷收集学校食堂卫生相关资料,采用χ~2检验比较不同学校类型之间调查指标合格率的差异。结果食堂内外环境卫生状况良好的学校占91.0%,从业人员个人卫生状况良好的学校占92.8%;总体卫生水平城区学校优于乡镇学校,非寄宿学校优于寄宿学校,差异均有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为26.82,23.41,P值均<0.01);拥有独立的食品出售场所的学校占67.1%,拥有独立的食品库房的学校占98.7%;就餐区设有洗手设施的合格率为94.7%,食堂距离污染源的合格率为92.5%;食堂餐饮服务许可证和从业人员健康合格证的持有率分别为99.0%和99.5%;学校建立的食堂安全规章制度包括食品留样制度的学校占98.7%,而包括校长陪餐制度的学校仅占61.5%。结论中国中小学校食堂食品安全及卫生管理的现况整体较好,但还有少部分食堂未达到标准要求。需要学校和相关行政部门(市场监管、卫生和教育部门)加大监管力度,为学生提供一个卫生、安全的校内食堂。

Objective To understand the current situation of infrastructure construction and sanitation practice of school canteens in China and to provide a reference for improving food safety in school canteen and sanitation management level. Methods Stratified sampling method was adopted to select the surveyed schools. Information regarding school canteen infrastructure and sanitation practice was collected through questionnaires. Chi-square test was used to compare the difference in passing rate on the survey indices among different school types. Results In environmental sanitation, 91.0% of the school canteen was rated as good and in personal hygiene, 92.8% of the employees were rated as good. The overall health level of urban schools was better than that of township schools, and non-boarding schools was better than that of boarding schools, with statistically significant differences(P<0.01). 67.1% of school canteens provided with independent food outlets while 98.7% of school canteens without independent food stores. The qualified rate of washing facilities in the dining area was 94.7%, and the qualified rate of distance between the canteen and the pollution source was 92.5%. Nearly all the employees held canteen catering service license(99.0%) and the health qualification certificate(99.5%). Most of the school canteens(98.7%) established the safety rules and regulations, including the food retention sample system. Nearly 61.5% schools initiated the principal meal program. Conclusion Sanitation management in the canteens of primary and secondary schools in China is generally satisfactory, with some canteens still fail to meet the standard requirements. More supervision from schools and relevant government departments(market supervision, health and education departments) is needed to provide students with a clean and heathy campus canteen.