西藏博物馆藏品虫害调研与防治

Investigation and control of pest damage on cultural relics collected by Tibet Museum

西藏博物馆馆藏文物丰富、特色浓郁,但由于历史条件等原因,文物虫害一直存在并产生危害。为制定虫害治理方案,本工作从害虫检测入手,对西藏博物馆的害虫进行检测分析,阐述了文物保护工作中虫害预防治理的重要性,并就虫害的危害特性、种群特性以及预防治理的必要性和紧迫性进行论述。根据西藏博物馆的现状,分别针对库存文物和展览文物的环境特点和虫害情况制定虫害治理方案,并选择虫害较严重的库、馆进行了实验性治理,对库存文物及环境在所有文物原地不动的前提下进行了整体熏蒸防治,对展馆环境及展存文物进行了整体的消杀防治,均取得了预期的满意效果。通过实验治理的操作过程和效果体验,认识到化学防治的安全、快捷、高效、简便和实用,同时结合多年的文保工作经验,提出了对馆藏文物保护的一些建议。

Tibet Museum has a rich and distinctive collection of cultural relics.However,due to historical conditions and other reasons,pests have been always existing and causing hazards to cultural relics.Pests in Tibet Museum were analyzed through detection and investigation in this work,based on which I explain the importance of pest prevention and control to protect the cultural relics,as well as discuss the hazard and population characteristics of pests,and the necessity and urgency of prevention and control of pests in this paper.According to the current situations of Tibet Museum,experts and professional companies were invited to propose pest control plans for storerooms and exhibition halls.Then experimental treatments were carried out in some storerooms and exhibition halls that were suffering from serious pest damages.Overall fumigation control was applied in the storerooms without moving any cultural relics,and overall disinfection control was done in the exhibition halls.Both treatments achieved satisfactory results.Through the process and effects of experimental treatments,we have a new understanding of chemical control which shows safety,speediness,efficiency,convenience and practicability.At the same time,I make some suggestions on the protection of cultural relics based on my many years’work experience.