我国各地区贫困测度综合分析

Comprehensive Analysis of Poverty Measurement in Different Regions of China

改革开放以来,我国经济快速发展,综合国力不断增强,人民生活水平显著提高,但也面临着贫富差距扩大、城乡差距扩大、区域差距扩大、绝对贫困还未消除等问题,而贫困问题是我国实现全面小康社会必须解决的现实问题。文章采用变异系数法从生活水平、健康水平、教育水平三个维度选取8个指标来测度我国各省市自治区2011~2017年的贫困状况。就贫困而言,我国31个省市自治区差异悬殊;就区域来看,东部地区贫困程度最低,中部地区贫困程度略低于西部地区,东北地区贫困程度最高。各省市自治区及各地区的贫困测度结果与经济发展水平大体一致。基于分析结果从经济、教育、医疗和社会四个方面得出四点启示:进一步发展经济,提高居民收入水平;完善医疗卫生体系,提高居民生存质量;健全教育制度,提高全民教育水平;采取差异化的发展战略,缩小区域贫困差距。

In the past 40 years,with the deepening of reform and opening up,China's comprehensive national strength and people's living standards have been greatly improved.However,China is also facing problems such as poverty in development,the gap between the rich and the poor,the urban-rural gap,and the regional gap.Especially the poverty problem is a realistic problem that must be seriously solved in the process of realizing a comprehensive well-off society in China.Based on the review of the status quo of poverty measurement research,the paper uses the coefficient of variation method to select eight indicators from the three dimensions of living standard,health level and education level to measure the poverty situation in China's provinces and regions from 2011 to 2017.Through comparative analysis of poverty in 31 provinces and cities and four major regions of China.Furthermore,from the three aspects of economy,education and medical care,it is proposed to reduce poverty:to develop the economy,improve the income level,improve the medical and health system,improve the quality of life of residents,improve the cultural education system,and improve the spiritual life of residents.