布基纳法索的语言政策与语言教育变革

The evolution of language policy and language education in Burkina Faso

布基纳法索语言国情复杂,从殖民时期到独立时期,其语言政策和语言教育经历了重大变革。文章对布基纳法索的语言状况进行概述,对语言政策和语言教育变革的过程及动因进行分析。殖民时期,为便利殖民统治,法国殖民当局推行严格的语言同化政策,给布基纳法索的发展带来了一定的消极影响。独立初期,出于对法语的政治中立性、客观优越性、民众意愿和全球化等因素的综合考量,布新政府沿用法语作为官方语言和教学用语。然而,法语单语教育体制与布语言国情不相符合,致使其教育发展停滞不前,这一现实迫使政府对法语教育体制做出改革,向具有本国特色的双语教育进行转变。

Burkina Faso has confronted with complicated language situation since the colonial period.And its language policy and language education have experienced major changes after independence.This paper aims to describe the linguistic landscape in Burkina Faso and analyze the process and motivation of language policy as well as its language education reformation.During the colonial period,the French colonial authority implemented a harsh language assimilation policy,which brought about considerable negative impacts on the country’s development.After independence,Burkina Faso government inherited French as both the official language and the language of instruction due to a series of factors,such as the political neutrality and inherent advancements of French,the will of the nation and globalization.However,some unharmonious aspects between the French monolingual education system and real language situation caused the very long-term woes of education,which forced the government of Burkina Faso to conduct reforms with great efforts and led to the advent of the experimental bilingual school project.