宪法宣誓提升宪法心理效力的作用及限度

Function and limitation of constitutional oath to promote psychological validity of the constitution

通过对宪法宣誓人员的问卷调查发现,宪法宣誓具有提升宪法心理效力的作用。从社会心理学的角度分析,宪法心理效力可分为三类:基于外部强制的宪法心理效力、基于内心认同的宪法心理效力和基于信念内化的宪法心理效力。由于宪法宣誓的仪式、行为、社会影响等几方面的作用,可提升基于内心认同和信念内化的宪法心理效力。如果没有基于外部强制的宪法心理效力的配合,宪法宣誓提升宪法心理效力的作用是存在局限的。确保宪法实效须采取强化责任承担、实现宪法畏惧、完善宪法监督制度等多种措施。

Through the questionnaire survey of the oath of the constitution,it was found that the oath of the constitution had the effect of promoting the psychological validity of the constitution.From the perspective of social psychology,the psychological validity of the constitution can be divided into three types:the constitutional psychological validity based on external coercion,the constitutional psychological validity based on inner recognition and the constitutional psychological validity based on the internalization of faith.The oath of the constitution can promote the constitutional psychological validity based on inner recognition and belief internalization due to the role of the constitutional swearing ceremony,act and its social influence.However,the constitutional psychological validity still has limitation without external coercion.Therefore,strengthening the responsibility to achieve psychological fear and to improve the constitutional supervision system is the ultimate guarantee of actual validity constitution.