中印两国融入全球价值链的利益诉求差异及影响分析

Analysis of the Differences in Interest Claims between China and India Integrated into the Global Value Chain and Its Impact

作为世界上两个最大的发展中国家和新兴经济体,中国与印度参与全球价值链分工的强度不断提高,但两国在经贸领域的市场依赖程度并不高,并且中印两国的贸易结构和对外依存度存在明显的同质性,两国的出口产品均从劳动密集型向资本和技术密集型转变。中印两国在全球价值链中的地位决定了各自利益诉求的差异,中国力图通过内部改革和经济一体化完成与国际经贸规则的接轨,确保在全球价值链分工中获得与其大国地位相符的经济收益,向贸易强国转变;而印度参与全球值链的利益诉求除了实现"制造业强国"的经济雄心外,更多是与其地区性乃至世界性大国的政治目标相联系。因此,中印两国更多是以竞争对手的身份融入全球价值链。

As the world’s two largest developing countries and emerging economies,China and India have been integrated into the global value chain for the past ten years,but the market dependence of the two countries in the economic and trade field remains at a low level. Moreover,in the process of integration into the global value chain,China and India have obvious homogeneity in economic and trade structure. The export targets of the two countries have begun to move from traditional labor-intensive products to capital-and technology-intensive products. The position of China and India in the global value chain determines the obvious differences in interest demands between the two countries in the process of integrating into the global value chain. China has tried to complete the integration with international economic and trade rules through internal reform and economic integration to ensure China’s transition from a large trading country to a trading power. In addition to the economic ambition of "manufacturing powers",India’s participation in the global value chain’s interests is more in line with the political goals of its regional and even world powers. Affected by the differences in interest claims,China and India are more likely to participate in the construction of global value chains as competitors. The concept and practice of value chain cooperation advocated by China will be increasingly restricted by the pressure of India’s geo-competition.