2016-2018年河南省疟疾疫情分析

Epidemiological analysis of malaria in Henan Province during 2016-2018

分析2016-2018年河南省疟疾流行病学特征,为制定有针对性的防控策略和措施提供数据支持。收集2016-2018年河南省疟疾疫情资料及疟疾病例个案调查资料,应用SPSS 17.0软件对感染虫种、感染国来源、疫情报告情况、三间分布及诊治情况等进行分析。结果显示,2016-2018年河南省共报告疟疾病例541例,均为实验室确诊病例。其中恶性疟405例(74.8%)、间日疟36例(6.7%)、卵形疟76例(14.1%)、三日疟16例(2.9%)、混合感染7例(1.3%)和诺氏疟1例(0.2%)。除1例自云南省盈江县输入外,其余540例均为境外输入病例,主要来自安哥拉(90例)、尼日利亚(71例)、刚果(金)(44例)、喀麦隆(31例)、加纳(29例)、几内亚(28例)、科特迪瓦(26例)、刚果(布)(25例)和赤道几内亚(23例)。河南省18个市均有疟疾病例,病例数居前的6个市依次为洛阳(83例)、郑州(77例)、新乡(53例)、濮阳(40例)、安阳(33例)和许昌(31例)。女性8例(1.5%),男性533例(98.5%);年龄为18~71岁,主要集中在30~50岁(350例,64.7%);职业分布中,以农民为主(223例,41.2%),其次是工人(78例,14.4%)和家务及待业者(62例,11.5%)。全年均有病例报告,5、8和12月疟疾病例数较多。病例发病至就诊的最短时间是0 d,最长时间是154 d,平均时间为2.6 d。就诊当日即被确诊为疟疾的患者有208例(38.4%),3 d内确诊的患者有196例(36.2%),超过3 d确诊的患者有137例(25.3%),超过7 d确诊的患者有66例(12.2%)。患者发病后首选的就诊单位以医疗机构为主(405例,74.9%),其次是疾病预防控制中心(126例,23.3%)。初次就诊中有345例(63.8%)患者被确诊为疟疾,确诊单位以省级(187例,34.6%)和地市级(178例,32.9%)医疗机构为主。

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Henan Province as basis for the better prevention and control,the information of malaria cases reported in Henan Province during 2016-2018 were collected and analyzed for the infected Plasmodium species and source,distribution of infected cases,diagnosis and treatment using SPSS 17.0.The results showed that total 541 malaria cases were reported in Henan Province during 2016-2018.These laboratory confirmed cases consisted of 405 cases(74.8%)infected with Plasmodium falciparum,36(6.7%)with P.vivax,76(14.1%)with P.ovale,16(2.9%)with P.malariae,7(1.3%)with mixed infections,and 1(0.2%)with P.knowlesi.All cases were imported from Africa and Southeast Asia except for one case domestically imported from Yunnan in 2016.The imported cases came mainly from Angola(90),Nigeria(71),Congo(44),Cameroon(31),Ghana(29),Guinea(28),C?te d′Ivoire(26),The Republic of Congo(25),and Equatorial Guinea(23).The malaria cases were reported in all 18 cities with most in Luoyang(83),Zhengzhou(77),Xinxiang(53),Puyang(40),Anyang(33)and Xuchang(31).Most malaria cases were male(533,98.5%),and only 8 cases were female(1.5%).The cases covered the age ranged from 18 to 71 years old,most of them were 30-50 years old(350 cases,64.7%).Regarding the occupation,most of the infected cases were farmers(223 cases,41.2%),followed by workers(78 cases,14.4%),household or unemployed(62 cases,11.5%).The cases were reported all year round with more in May,August and December.The time between disease onset to visiting a doctor varied from 0 day to 154 days with average of 2.6 days.Total 208(38.4%)cases were diagnosed as malaria within 24 hours after visiting a doctor,196(36.2%)within 3 days,137(25.3%)over 3 days and 66 cases(12.2%)were diagnosed as malaria over 7 days after a doctor visit.The local hospitals were the preferred medical institutions for patients to seek for medication after onset of the disease(405 cases,74.9%),followed by the local center for disease control and prevention(126 cases,23.3%).Total 345(63.8%)cases received confirmed diagnosis of malaria at the first doctor visit.The medical institutions to get confirmed diagnosis of malaria were mainly provincial(187 cases,34.6%)and prefecture-level medical institutions(178 cases,32.9%).