棉花竹花形态与结构研究

Study on the Flower Morphology and Structure of Fargesia fungosa

棉花竹(Fargesia fungosa)是箭竹属重要经济竹种,有关其花器官的形态与解剖结构研究至今尚无报道。本文通过对棉花竹花器官的形态与解剖结构进行观察和分析,结果显示棉花竹花序为“混合花序”,小穗基部具潜伏芽,由单个叶片形成的“佛焰苞”包裹多枚小穗。小穗单次发生,均长3.05±0.390 cm,每枚小穗具有3~7朵小花,小花均长1.85±0.167 cm,颖片2枚。每朵小花皆具有内、外稃各1片,3枚浆片,雄蕊3枚,雌蕊1枚组成。未成熟花药具有4药室,花药壁由外到内依次为表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层。花药成熟后纵裂散粉。成熟花粉粒为2或3细胞型,且具有1个萌发孔。子房1室,上位,侧膜胎座,倒生胚珠,雌蕊具2分叉羽毛状柱头。花药发育异常,导致出现大量败育现象。

Fargesia fungosa was an important economic bamboo species in the genera Fargeisa.The studies on the morphology and anatomical structure of their organs were lack.In this paper,the morphology and anatomical characteristics of F.fungosa flowers were observed and analyzed.The results showed that the flowers of F.fungosa belong tothemixed inflorescence and the base of spikelets had resting bud,besides several spikelets were wrapped by the“floral bud”was formed of singal leaf.The mean length of spikelets was 3.05±0.390 cm,containing 3-7 small flowers per spikelet.The mean length of florets was 1.85±0.167 cm,with 2 glumes,1 lemma and palea,3 lodicules,3 stamens,and 1 pistil.The young anther wall contained epidermis,endothecium,middle layer and tapetum from outside to inside.The matureanthers were splited longitudinally for pollen releasing.The mature pollen grainsweretwo-or three-celledand with 1 germination aperture.The ovary was unilocular,superior andand lateral membranous placenta with a anatropous ovule.The stigma of pistils has two feather-liking stigmas.The anther developed abnormally,resulting abortion phenomenonin the majority of anthers.